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首页> 外文学位 >Secret Societies and Other Mutual Aid Societies: A Triangular Investigation of Africa, the West Indies and the United States of America, 1775--1950.
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Secret Societies and Other Mutual Aid Societies: A Triangular Investigation of Africa, the West Indies and the United States of America, 1775--1950.

机译：秘密社团和其他互助社团：对非洲，西印度群岛和美利坚合众国的三角调查，1775--1950年。

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摘要

Secret Societies and Other Mutual Aid Societies: A Triangular Investigation of Africa, the West Indies and the United States of America, 1775-1950, examines three general geographical areas in which people who originated in Africa were dispersed to the West during the Transatlantic Trade in Captured Africans. In Africa there was a process of inculcating cultural values while harnessing skills in an authentic education system called retreat schools. These schools were the original African lodges or secret societies that supported the communal system since they made people indigenous. Everyone in a village had an obligation to become initiated in order to learn the secrets of their society. Those individuals who were not indoctrinated were ostracized because they did not experience transformation and pledged an oath of loyalty.;The purpose of this study is to investigate the elaborate infrastructure that was historically an integral part of early African institutional character, and aspects of its presentation among New World Africans. The study considers some of the mechanisms applied by West Africans to make inhabitants indigenous as opposed to a parallel approach used by Europeans to indoctrinate people into fraternalism. Since African descended people had original ideas of fraternal association the study wanted to understand why many Diaspora Africans sought societal equality in European forms of fraternalism. Thus, the question "Where does equality end and originality begin?" gave agency to the hypothesis: The practical appeal of Freemasonry and other groups with secret dealings was based on a variety of needs that were perceived to be addressed adequately by fraternal connections. This hypothesis was examined by the study's methodology which was based on an augmented Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid. There was also a heavy oral history component to capture the experiences of informants.;The study showed that many New World Africans accepted European fraternalism because it was their path to security and upward social mobility while some accepted various aspects of West African forms of fraternalism with relatively less notoriety. Equality was preferred over originality among those who became members of elitist secret societies. Although initiation meant acceptance, originality meant isolation amongst relatively less empowered communities.
机译：秘密社团和其他互助社团：对非洲，西印度群岛和美利坚合众国的三角调查，1775-1950年，考察了三个大范围的地理区域，这些国家在非洲跨大西洋贸易期间将源自非洲的人分散到西方被俘的非洲人。在非洲，有一个灌输文化价值的过程，同时又在一种称为“静修学校”的真实教育系统中利用技能。这些学校是最初的非洲旅馆或秘密社团，因为它们使人民成为土著，因此它们支持社区制度。村里的每个人都有义务被创始，以学习其社会的秘密。那些没有受过灌输的人被排斥，因为他们没有经历过转变，并宣誓效忠。本研究的目的是研究精心制作的基础设施，该基础设施在历史上是早期非洲制度特征的组成部分，及其呈现方式在新世界非洲人中。该研究考虑了西非人用来使居民成为土著的某些机制，而不是欧洲人用来将人们灌输为兄弟般的平行方法。由于非洲后裔对兄弟会有了最初的想法，因此该研究想了解为什么许多散居非洲的人在欧洲形式的兄弟会中寻求社会平等。因此，问题“平等在哪里结束，独创性在哪里开始？”赋予了假设以下假设：共济会和其他团体进行秘密交易的实际吸引力是基于各种需求，而这些需求被视为可以通过兄弟关系适当解决。该假设通过研究方法论进行了检验，该方法论基于需求金字塔的增强的亚伯拉罕·马斯洛层次结构。该研究还显示，许多新世界非洲人接受欧洲兄弟会，因为这是他们通往安全和向上社会流动的道路，而一些人接受了西非形式的兄弟会形式，包括：臭名昭著。在那些成为精英秘密社团成员的人中，平等优先于原创。尽管发起意味着接受，但独创性意味着在权力相对较低的社区之间的隔离。

著录项

  • 作者

    Noel, Ronald Courtney.;

  • 作者单位

    Howard University.;

  • 授予单位 Howard University.;
  • 学科 African American Studies.;History Black.;History African.;History United States.;Caribbean Studies.;Black Studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 370 p.
  • 总页数 370
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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