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首页> 外文学位 >Mapping mine tailings using airborne geophysical and hyperspectral remote sensing data.
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Mapping mine tailings using airborne geophysical and hyperspectral remote sensing data.

机译：使用机载地球物理和高光谱遥感数据绘制矿山尾矿图。

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摘要

Mine tailings are the waste products from mining operations. Most mine tailings contain a considerable amount of reactive sulphides which can cause acid mine drainage (AMD) when exposed to air and water. AMD constitutes a threat both to the environment and to public health. Increased awareness of AMD has led to growing activities in mine-tailing monitoring and reclamation worldwide. Mining companies in Canada are required to provide information to provincial governments about their waste disposal and control activities. There is an urgent need to develop new automated ways to provide information on short- to long-term evolution of tailings, thus enabling the mining companies to monitor their tailings more effectively.; The overall goal of the thesis is to explore the potential of hyperspectral remote sensing and geophysical techniques for mapping variations within and immediately outside of the tailings. Data used for this study are from three sources: airborne geophysical data, hyperspectral casi and Probe-1 data, and field data.; This study has contributed to both the remote sensing data analysis techniques and the understanding of mine-tailing surface and subsurface processes. Specifically, this study has the following important findings: (1) Airborne magnetic and electromagnetic data can provide information regarding the subsurface distribution of mine tailings on the basis of sulphide mineral content. A procedure has been developed in this study to use these data sources for rapidly surveying large tailings areas. This procedure can minimize expenditures for mining companies when designing remedial plans for the closure of the mines. This study has also identified regions of enhanced conductivity that extend beyond the tailing containment area. This information indicates seepage pathways, and is important for monitoring the effectiveness of tailing containment structures. (2) High-spatial-resolution hyperspectral casi (Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imagery data, which cover the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges, can be used to detect the occurrence of AMD and separate broad oxidation zones of the tailings. With broader spectral coverage, hyperspectral Probe-1 (an imaging spectrometer that covers the visible, near-infrared and shortwave infrared wavelength ranges) data can be used to reveal the mineral compositions of the tailings surface. (3) This study has revealed some of the limitations of the well-respected XRD (x-ray diffraction) analysis technique for detecting certain minerals. Alternatively, the image unmixing technique applied to high-resolution hyperspectral data can provide supplementary information about the mineral compositions of the samples. (4) This thesis provides guidelines, in the form of a table, as to how mining companies can use the techniques explored in this thesis to monitor mine tailings.
机译：矿山尾矿是采矿作业产生的废物。大多数矿山尾矿中都含有大量的反应性硫化物，当暴露于空气和水中时，这些硫化物会导致酸性矿山排水（AMD）。 AMD对环境和公共健康均构成威胁。对AMD的认识不断提高，导致全球范围内的矿山尾矿监控和填海活动日益增多。加拿大的矿业公司必须向省政府提供有关其废物处理和控制活动的信息。迫切需要开发新的自动化方法，以提供有关尾矿从短期到长期演变的信息，从而使采矿公司能够更有效地监控其尾矿。论文的总体目标是探索高光谱遥感和地球物理技术用于绘制尾矿内部和外部变化的潜力。本研究使用的数据来自三个方面：机载地球物理数据，高光谱casi和Probe-1数据以及现场数据。这项研究为遥感数据分析技术和对矿山尾部地表和地下过程的理解做出了贡献。具体而言，这项研究具有以下重要发现：（1）航空磁和电磁数据可以基于硫化物矿物含量提供有关矿山尾矿地下分布的信息。在这项研究中已经开发出一种程序，以使用这些数据源快速调查大型尾矿区。在设计关闭矿井的补救计划时，此程序可以最大程度地减少采矿公司的支出。这项研究还确定了导电性增强的区域，这些区域延伸到尾矿围堵区域之外。该信息表明了渗流途径，对于监测尾矿围护结构的有效性非常重要。 （2）高空间分辨率的高光谱casi（紧凑型机载光谱图像数据，涵盖可见光和近红外波长范围），可用于检测AMD的发生并分离尾矿的较宽氧化带。光谱覆盖范围更广，高光谱Probe-1（涵盖可见，近红外和短波红外波长范围的成像光谱仪）数据可用于揭示尾矿表面的矿物成分。（3）该研究揭示了尾矿表面的某些局限性。备受好评的XRD（x射线衍射）分析技术，用于检测某些矿物。或者，将图像分解技术应用于高分辨率高光谱数据可以提供有关样品矿物成分的补充信息。（4）本论文提供了指导原则，以表格的形式，介绍了矿业公司如何使用本论文中探讨的技术来监控矿山尾矿。

著录项

  • 作者

    Shang, Jiali.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Waterloo (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Waterloo (Canada).;
  • 学科 Geophysics.; Remote Sensing.; Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 152 p.
  • 总页数 152
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 地球物理学;遥感技术;环境科学基础理论;
  • 关键词

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