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Monitoring and fate of organic sunscreen compounds in the marine environment.

机译：海洋环境中有机防晒化合物的监测和结果。

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摘要

Organic UV filters are increasingly being used in personal care products to protect skin from the damaging effects of UV radiation. In addition, chemicals found in this class of emerging contaminants are used as flavoring ingredients, as well as in plastic coverings for the preservation of food, in the manufacturing of insecticides and agricultural chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs. Consequently, it has been estimated that hundreds of tons of sunscreen compounds are released into the environment annually by both direct and indirect routes. In order to determine the concentrations of several major organic UV-filtering chemicals (oxybenzone, dioxybenzone, sulisobenzone, avobenzone, octocrylene, octinoxate, and padimate-O), a multi-residue protocol was developed to extract and quantify the target analytes from sea and potable water using HPLC/MS/MS. To better understand these chemicals behavior in marine waters, the fate of selected compounds in seawater under different light regimes was also evaluated. Concurrent to the laboratory investigations, marine samples were analyzed and used to assess the relationships between land use and the distribution of sunscreen compounds along coastal South Carolina. Finally, concentrations of sunscreen compounds were determined in nationally protected coral reef environments. Laboratory based fate experiments resulted in compound dependent degradation over the course of the experiment, and included the observed transformation of specific target analytes into possible tautomer/rotamer forms. Five of the seven target analytes were detected in seawater samples from coastal South Carolina over the course of the yearlong environmental monitoring venture. Patterns in concentrations were observed based on season and proportion of developed land at each of the South Carolina sites. Four target analytes were detected in reef sites in the Florida Keys, while two were quantified in samples from the Virgin Islands. The presence of the compounds at even remote sites in open water reef systems warrants further attention, as the compounds are known to have hormonal effects on various aquatic organisms, in addition to promoting the bleaching of coral species. Understanding the presence and quantities of anthropogenic UV-filtering chemicals, along with understanding the potential fate of these compounds in the aquatic environment, may allow for a more responsible approach for planning and management of beach and coastal waters as well as marine protected areas.
机译：有机紫外线过滤剂正越来越多地用于个人护理产品中，以保护皮肤免受紫外线辐射的破坏作用。此外，在此类新兴污染物中发现的化学物质还用作调味剂成分，以及在制造杀虫剂，农药和农用药物时用于食品保鲜的塑料外壳。因此，据估计每年通过直接和间接途径将数百吨防晒剂释放到环境中。为了确定几种主要的有机紫外线过滤化学物质（氧苯甲酮，二氧苯甲酮，磺基异戊二烯，阿伏苯宗，辛二烯，辛辛酸酯和padimate-O）的浓度，开发了一种多残留方案来提取和量化海洋和海洋中的目标分析物。使用HPLC / MS / MS的饮用水。为了更好地了解这些化学物质在海水中的行为，还评估了在不同光照条件下海水中所选化合物的命运。在进行实验室调查的同时，对海洋样本进行了分析，并将其用于评估土地利用与南卡罗来纳州沿海地区防晒化合物分布之间的关系。最后，在国家保护的珊瑚礁环境中确定防晒剂的浓度。基于实验室的命运实验在整个实验过程中导致化合物依赖性降解，并且包括观察到的特定目标分析物向可能的互变异构体/旋转异构体形式的转化。在为期一年的环境监测过程中，从南卡罗来纳州沿海地区的海水样品中检出了七个目标分析物中的五个。根据季节和南卡罗来纳州每个地点的已开发土地比例，观察到浓度模式。在佛罗里达礁岛礁的站点中检测到四种目标分析物，而在维尔京群岛的样品中定量了两种目标分析物。这些化合物甚至存在于开放水域礁石系统中的偏远地区，值得进一步关注，因为已知这些化合物除了促进珊瑚物种的漂白外，还对各种水生生物产生激素作用。了解人为紫外线过滤化学物质的存在和数量，以及了解这些化合物在水生环境中的潜在命运，可以为规划和管理海滩和沿海水域以及海洋保护区提供更负责任的方法。

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  • 作者

    Bratkovics, Stephanie Danielle.;

  • 作者单位

    College of Charleston.;

  • 授予单位 College of Charleston.;
  • 学科 Environmental Studies.;Chemistry Analytical.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 119 p.
  • 总页数 119
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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