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Effects of maturity group, seed composition and storage conditions on the quality and storability of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) seed.

机译：成熟度组，种子组成和贮藏条件对大豆（Glycine max L. Merrill）种子质量和耐贮性的影响。

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摘要

Soybean seed is usually not carried-over to the next planting season because it deteriorates rapidly in storage, resulting in poor growth when planted. This rapid deterioration is a serious problem in seed production. The short shelf life of soybean seed is the result of its high lipid content and high levels of polyunsaturated linolenic and linoleic acids. The soybean production practice of planting early to maximize yield has led to routine use of seed treatments to protect the seeds and seedlings during the early stages of development. The amount of treated seed is increasing every year as research identifies more effective active ingredients. However, excess treated soybean seed must be disposed of differently from untreated seed, which generates an additional cost for the seed industry. There is a need for prolonging storage life of carry-over treated seeds to minimize seed disposal costs. The objectives were to determine the best storage conditions of temperature and relative humidity that will minimize the deterioration of chemically treated soybean seed from different maturity groups and seed composition. Twenty-four soybean varieties were treated with the fungicides fludioxonil and mefenoxam, or a mixture of these fungicides and the insecticide thiamethoxam, or left untreated as a control. The seeds were packaged and stored under one of three storage conditions: a non-climate controlled warehouse, a climate controlled coldroom (10°C and 59.6±7.3% RH), or a climate controlled warmroom (25°C and 31.2±11.1% RH). The decline in viability and vigor was evaluated at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mo after storage. After 20 mo in storage, the mean moisture content of seed lots in the coldroom ranged between 10.15 to 10.77%, in the warmroom ranged between 5.66 to 5.81%. The moisture contents for seeds in the warehouse ranged between 11.4 and 12.7%. Soybean genotypes differed significantly in their rate of decline of seed viability and vigor over time. Seed viability values remained high in seeds stored in the coldroom and warmroom but dropped to almost zero in the warehouse at 20 mo after storage. The loss in viability of untreated seed was significantly greater than that of treated seeds at 16 months in the warehouse while in the coldroom and warmroom the effects were visible at 20 mo after storage. Viability of seeds in the coldroom and warmroom remained higher than 80% at the end of 20 mo of storage. Temperature and relative humidity of the coldroom were best for maintaining seed vigor above 80% for 12 months only. Maturity group and protein content did not affect deterioration. Only 5 to 15% of the decline in seed vigor could be attributed to oil content of the seeds, depending on the storage condition. Treated soybean seeds could be carried-over for two seasons if the temperature of storage is maintained at 10°C and the relative humidity kept constant at ≤ 40%. Seed treatment would improve storability if seeds are stored in low temperature and relative humidity conditions. Prolonging soybean seed viability and vigor of treated seed in storage could reduce the need for disposal of treated seeds. These results are also important for the crop-protection chemical companies because of the importance of seed treatments to the overall crop-protection strategies.
机译：大豆种子通常不会结转到下一个播种季节，因为它在储存中会迅速变质，导致播种时生长不良。这种迅速恶化是种子生产中的严重问题。大豆种子的短保质期是其高脂质含量和高含量的多不饱和亚麻酸和亚油酸的结果。大豆早期播种以最大化产量的生产实践导致种子处理在发育的早期阶段常规使用以保护种子和幼苗。随着研究发现更有效的活性成分，处理过的种子的数量每年都在增加。但是，过量处理的大豆种子必须与未处理的种子进行不同的处置，这给制种业带来了额外的成本。需要延长经残留处理的种子的储存寿命以最小化种子处置成本。目的是确定温度和相对湿度的最佳存储条件，以最大程度地减少来自不同成熟度组和种子组成的化学处理大豆种子的劣化。将二十四个大豆品种用杀真菌剂氟地西尼和甲灭草胺，或这些杀真菌剂和杀虫剂噻虫嗪的混合物处理，或未作对照。将种子包装并在以下三种存储条件之一中存储：非气候控制仓库，气候控制冷藏室（10°C和59.6±7.3％RH）或气候控制暖室（25°C和31.2±11.1％） RH）。在储存后4、8、12、16和20mo评估生存力和活力的下降。储存20个月后，冷藏室中种子批次的平均水分含量在10.15％至10.77％之间，在温暖室中则为5.66％至5.81％。仓库中种子的水分含量在11.4至12.7％之间。大豆基因型随着时间的推移，其种子活力和活力下降的速率有显着差异。在冷藏室和暖室中存储的种子的种子生存力值仍然很高，但在存储20个月后，在仓库中种子活力几乎降至零。在仓库中，未经处理的种子的生存能力损失在16个月时明显大于处理过的种子，而在冷藏室和暖室中，在储存20个月后可见到这种影响。冷藏20个月结束时，冷藏室和保温室中种子的生存力仍高于80％。冷藏室的温度和相对湿度最好仅在12个月内将种子活力保持在80％以上。成熟度组和蛋白质含量不影响变质。取决于储存条件，种子活力下降的只有5％到15％可以归因于种子的含油量。如果储存温度保持在10°C并且相对湿度保持恒定在≤40％，则经过处理的大豆种子可以保留两个季节。如果将种子存储在低温和相对湿度条件下，种子处理将提高可存储性。延长大豆种子的生存能力和处理过的种子在储存中的活力可以减少对处理过的种子的处理需求。这些结果对于作物保护化学公司也很重要，因为种子处理对整个作物保护策略很重要。

著录项

  • 作者

    Mbofung, Gladys Chia Y.;

  • 作者单位

    Iowa State University.;

  • 授予单位 Iowa State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 92 p.
  • 总页数 92
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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