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Assessing changes and drivers of crop rotation patterns and their implications for nitrogen loading in the United States.

机译：在美国评估作物轮作模式的变化和驱动因素及其对氮负荷的影响。

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摘要

The purpose of this study was to assess the changes and drivers of crop rotation patterns in the United States and their implications to nitrogen loading using principally the Cropland Data Layers (CDL) produced by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). We determined the temporal changes for different crops in the United States using different time periods from 2003 to 2011. Annual, biannual, and four-year rotation patterns were quantified and the trends of monocultural cropping practices were analyzed.;The price of crops, changes in policies and expansion of ethanol production were found to contribute to the observed shift in crop rotation strategies. The impact of ethanol plants on corn monoculture was analyzed using different sized buffers and a continuous distance raster. We found that the closer to an ethanol plant, the higher likelihood that corn is planted continuously. The results also showed the direct effect of policy changes as well as changes in crop prices.;With the increase in corn monoculture there is an increase in the required amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer to attain desired yields. We developed a model based on the corn yield potential of different soils combined with the recommended amount of applied nitrogen for different corn rotation practices at a national scale from 2009 to 2011.;Our results were within 1 percent of National Agricultural Statistic Services (NASS) estimated nitrogen use for corn in 2009 and 2010. The model allowed us to spatially determine the distribution of nitrogen used for corn growth as well as to create scenarios to simulate the potential changes to nitrogen loading if all corn was grown in rotation or if all corn was grown in monoculture. We found that changes in crop rotations can have as much if not greater impact on the total amount of recommended nitrogen applied for corn production as the increased nitrogen from the yearly growth in corn production.;Using the nitrogen model, we developed a user interface that allows a land manager or farmer to select their area of interest. The interface calculates the contribution to the total applied nitrogen within each intersected 12 digit hydrologic unit from a selected area of interest and the desired rotation practice. The interface then determines how much nitrogen would be used if the manager changes their rotation practices.
机译：这项研究的目的是主要使用美国农业部（USDA）生产的农田数据层（CDL）来评估美国农作物轮作模式的变化和驱动因素及其对氮负荷的影响。我们确定了2003年至2011年美国不同时期不同作物的时空变化。定量了每年，每半年和四年的轮换模式，并分析了单作种植实践的趋势。在政策上的发展和乙醇生产的扩大被发现有助于观察到轮作策略的转变。使用不同大小的缓冲液和连续距离栅格数据分析了乙醇植物对玉米单一栽培的影响。我们发现，离乙醇工厂越近，连续种植玉米的可能性就越高。结果还显示了政策变化以及农作物价格变化的直接影响。随着玉米单一栽培的增加，为获得所需产量所需的氮肥施用量也在增加。我们基于2009年至2011年全国范围内不同土壤的玉米产量潜力以及针对不同玉米轮作实践的推荐施氮量，开发了一个模型;我们的结果在国家农业统计服务局（NASS）的1％之内估计2009年和2010年玉米的氮使用量。该模型使我们能够在空间上确定用于玉米生长的氮的分布，并创建情景来模拟如果所有玉米都轮作或全部玉米生长时氮负荷的潜在变化种植在单一文化中。我们发现，轮作的变化对玉米生产中推荐的氮肥总量的影响，即使不是更大，也可能与玉米年产量增加所增加的氮肥一样多。；使用氮肥模型，我们开发了一个用户界面，允许土地经理或农民选择他们感兴趣的领域。该界面根据选定的感兴趣区域和所需的轮换方式，计算出每个相交的12位水文单元内总氮素的贡献量。然后，界面确定如果管理者更改其轮换方式将使用多少氮气。

著录项

  • 作者

    Plourde, James D.;

  • 作者单位

    Purdue University.;

  • 授予单位 Purdue University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.;Geodesy.;Natural Resource Management.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 124 p.
  • 总页数 124
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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