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首页> 外文学位 >Multi-scale characterization of rock mass discontinuities and rock slope geometry using terrestrial remote sensing techniques.
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Multi-scale characterization of rock mass discontinuities and rock slope geometry using terrestrial remote sensing techniques.

机译：使用地面遥感技术对岩质不连续性和岩质边坡几何形状进行多尺度表征。

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摘要

Terrestrial remote sensing techniques including both digital photogrammetry and laser scanning, represent useful complements to conventional field mapping and rock mass discontinuity characterization. Several studies have highlighted practical advantages at close-range (< 300 m), including the ability to map inaccessible rock exposures and hazard reduction related to both traffic and rockfall along investigated outcrops. In addition, several authors have demonstrated their potential to provide adequate quantification of discontinuity parameters. Consequently, their incorporation into rock slope stability investigations and design projects has grown substantially over recent years. As these techniques are increasingly applied by geologists and geological engineers, it is important that their use be properly evaluated. Furthermore, guidelines to optimize their application are required in a similar manner to standardization of conventional discontinuity mapping techniques. An important thesis objective is to develop recommendations for optimal applications of terrestrial remote sensing techniques for discontinuity characterization, based on a quantitative evaluation of various registration approaches, sampling bias and extended manual mapping of 3D digital models. It is shown that simple registration networks can provide adequate measurement of discontinuity geometry for engineering purposes. The bias associated with remote sensing mapping is described. The advantages of these techniques over conventional mapping are demonstrated, including reliable discontinuity orientation measurements. Persistence can be precisely quantified instead of approximately estimated, resulting in a new class for extremely persistent discontinuities being suggested. Secondary roughness and curvature can also be considered at larger scales. The techniques are suitable for the definition of discontinuity sets, and the estimation of both trace intensity and block size/shape, if sampling bias is correctly accounted for. A new type of sampling window, suitable for the incorporation of remote sensing data into discrete fracture network models is presented. Another significant thesis objective is the extension of terrestrial digital photogrammetric methods to greater distances (> 1 km), using f = 200-400 mm lenses. This has required a careful investigation of the observation scale effects on discontinuity parameters. The method has been applied in a large open-pit mine and on the Palliser Rockslide. It allows detailed characterization of the failure surfaces, volume estimations and pre-slide topography reconstruction.
机译：包括数字摄影测量和激光扫描在内的地面遥感技术是对传统野外测绘和岩体不连续性表征的有益补充。几项研究强调了近距离（<300 m）的实际优势，包括能够绘制出难以接近的岩石暴露图，并减少了沿调查露头的交通量和落石量的危害。此外，几位作者已经证明了他们对不连续性参数进行充分量化的潜力。因此，近年来，将它们纳入岩质边坡稳定性研究和设计项目的数量大大增加。随着地质学家和地质工程师越来越多地使用这些技术，正确评估它们的使用非常重要。此外，需要以类似于常规不连续性映射技术的标准化方式来优化其应用的指南。一个重要的论文目标是基于对各种配准方法，采样偏差和3D数字模型的扩展手动映射的定量评估，为陆地遥感技术的不连续性表征的最佳应用制定建议。结果表明，简单的配准网络可以为工程目的提供足够的不连续性几何尺寸。描述了与遥感映射有关的偏差。证明了这些技术相对于常规测绘的优势，包括可靠的不连续性定向测量。持久性可以精确地量化而不是近似估计，从而为极端持久性间断提出了一个新的类。次级粗糙度和曲率也可以在较大范围内考虑。如果正确考虑了采样偏差，则该技术适用于不连续集的定义以及迹线强度和块大小/形状的估计。提出了一种适用于将遥感数据整合到离散裂缝网络模型中的新型采样窗口。另一个重要的论文目标是使用f = 200-400 mm的镜头将地面数字摄影测量方法扩展到更大的距离（> 1 km）。这就需要仔细研究观测尺度对间断参数的影响。该方法已应用于大型露天矿和Palliser Rockslide。它允许对破坏面进行详细的特征描述，体积估计和滑动前地形重建。

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  • 作者

    Sturzenegger, Matthieu.;

  • 作者单位

    Simon Fraser University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Simon Fraser University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Geophysics.;Remote Sensing.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 372 p.
  • 总页数 372
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 能源与动力工程;
  • 关键词

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