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首页> 外文学位 >Vested experts: Knowledge, power, and the politics of protecting the ozone layer.
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Vested experts: Knowledge, power, and the politics of protecting the ozone layer.

机译：经验丰富的专家：知识，力量和保护臭氧层的政策。

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摘要

The dissertation's central hypothesis is that actors within and outside of the state influence policy through the provision of information and interpretation, and that this influence owes to particular characteristics of the actors and the information they have. While there has been significant research into the power of ideas in shaping policy outcomes, we have no theoretical approach for understanding differences in the power of actors to shape how policy issues are understood. To address this gap, the dissertation develops a conceptual framework for knowledge-based power built on four hypotheses: (1) The greater an actor's knowledge-producing resources, the greater the actor's opportunity to define policy issues involving scientific and technical information; (2) The greater an actor's reputation for experience, the more likely their interpretation will be trusted by policymakers; (3) The authority of an actor will be greater if the actor's values are consistent with those of policymakers; (4) The higher the barriers to acquisition of relevant information held by actors, the greater will be their influence over issue definition. These barriers may be imposed by ownership, the level of specialization required, or economic cost.; The dissertation explores these hypotheses in a plausibility probe of the influence of corporations on perceptions of the stratospheric ozone issue. I begin by identifying the potential sources of industry's knowledge-based power relative to other actors, and then trace the processes that produced U.S. policy positions and international decisions on ozone regulations, including those of the 1985 Vienna Convention for Protection of the Ozone Layer, the 1987 Montreal Protocol, and amendments negotiated during the 1990s.; The study's major finding is that every international agreement on ozone protection in some way bears the mark of industry influence, in large part because corporations controlled economic and technical information needed to evaluate the problem and responses to it. The significant knowledge-generating resources and market reputation of the major chemical companies, together with the high value placed by governments on technical fixes to ozone depletion, further enhanced industry's knowledge-based power and helped sustain its influence on the ozone regime over time.
机译：论文的中心假设是，国家内部和外部的行为者通过提供信息和解释来影响政策，而这种影响归因于行为者的特定特征和他们所拥有的信息。尽管对思想在塑造政策结果方面的力量进行了大量研究，但我们尚无理论方法来理解参与者在塑造政策问题理解方式方面的能力差异。为了弥补这一差距，论文建立了基于四个假设的基于知识的权力的概念框架：（1）参与者的知识产生资源越多，参与者定义涉及科学和技术信息的政策问题的机会就越大； （2）演员在经验中的声誉越高，决策者越可能相信他们的解释； （3）如果行为者的价值观与政策制定者的价值观相一致，则其行为者的权威将更大； （4）获取参与者所持有的相关信息的障碍越高，他们对问题定义的影响就越大。这些障碍可能是由于所有权，所需的专业水平或经济成本所致。本文在对公司对平流层臭氧问题认识的影响的合理性探究中探讨了这些假设。首先，确定与其他参与者有关的行业基于知识的力量的潜在来源，然后追溯产生有关臭氧法规的美国政策立场和国际决定的过程，包括1985年《维也纳保护臭氧层公约》， 1987年《蒙特利尔议定书》，以及1990年代谈判达成的修正案。该研究的主要发现是，每一项有关臭氧保护的国际协议都在某种程度上具有行业影响力，这在很大程度上是因为公司控制着评估问题和对策所需的经济和技术信息。大型化学公司的大量知识产生资源和市场声誉，以及政府在解决臭氧层消耗问题的技术上给予的高度重视，进一步增强了该行业基于知识的力量，并随着时间的推移帮助其保持了对臭氧制度的影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Metzger, Jennifer T.;

  • 作者单位

    Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick.;

  • 授予单位 Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick.;
  • 学科 Political Science General.; Political Science International Law and Relations.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 364 p.
  • 总页数 364
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 政治理论;国际法;
  • 关键词

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