• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文学位 >Sustainable Management of Food Supply-Chain Resources in New York State.
【24h】

Sustainable Management of Food Supply-Chain Resources in New York State.

机译：纽约州粮食供应链资源的可持续管理。

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

A sustainable food supply chain (FSC) is at the nexus of several critical global challenges including hunger, resource scarcity, climate change, poverty, energy security and economic growth. However, managing FSC resources in a sustainable manner is complex and data to support this goal is lacking. This dissertation addressed four knowledge gaps by applying a variety of analytical and experimental tools to the New York State FSC.;First, a cradle-to-grave analysis of the New York State FSC was conducted. Resources leaving the FSC from primary production (post-harvest) through to consumption were defined and characterized. Surveys and literature were used to estimate FSC resources and factors were provided for several sectors and sub-sectors including the Educational sector. Material flows through the utilization pathways in New York State were analyzed. It was estimated that over 3.5 million t/yr of solid resources were generated. Resource utilization pathways including donation were estimated to treat approximately 6% of these resources. An additional 22 million m3/yr of low solid resources primarily from the food processors was also estimated and analyzed.;In the next chapter, climate change impacts of utilization pathways emerging in the State were analyzed. Two comprehensive lifecycle assessments (LCAs) were conducted to assess climate change impacts. The first was based upon primary data collected from the largest on-farm anaerobic digester in the State, which co-digests dairy manure and industrial food wastes. The results showed a net negative climate change of 37.5 kg CO2e/t influent processed when compared to the reference case. Displacement of grid electricity provided the largest reduction, followed by avoidance of alternative food waste disposal options and reduced impacts associated with storage of digestate vs. undigested manure. Sensitivity analysis showed that using feedstock diverted from high impact disposal pathways, control of digester emissions, and managing digestate storage emissions were opportunities to improve climate change benefits. The second LCA was based upon a small-scale, distributed waste-to-ethanol process. This analysis was based upon data from an operating pilot plant facility, co-fermenting industrial and retail FSC resources. The climate change impacts for the processing phase were estimated to be comparable to those associated commercial ethanol production, however when considering the avoidance waste disposal for FSC resources used as feedstock, the result was a net negative impact of 338 kg CO2e/MJ fuel produced.;The following chapter evaluated the potential of several significant New York State FSC resources as feedstock for biogas production. Twenty-four source-separated, commercial substrates from the retail and food processing sector were characterized and tested in bench-scale bio-methane potential (BMP) tests. Substrates were also combined with dairy manure and other substrates to assess synergistic or antagonistic effects associated with co-digestion. Key bio-methane kinetic parameters including bio-methane potential, apparent hydrolysis rate constant and co-digestion indices were reported. Substrates with high fat content demonstrated higher potential for bio-methane generation. Substrates rich in readily hydrolysable carbohydrates and fats showed more complete bio-degradation. Measured bio-methane potential was the product of both of these factors. Bio-methane production of co-digested substrates was close to that of the weighted average of the individual substrates with a slight synergistic bias (-5%/+20% on average). However, co-digestion generally resulted in an increase in apparent hydrolysis rate relative to that predicted by the combination of individual substrates.;Finally, the impact of FSC resource characteristics on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to utilization of those resources analyzed. An open source model (ORCAS) was developed to assess the climate change impacts of several NYS resource utilization pathways. Data gathered in the previous chapters were used to select the most relevant FSC resources and provide characterization data, which was used to calculate the impacts of these resources across the different utilization pathways. These results were compared to the generally reported results based upon the characteristics of municipal solid waste food scraps (MSWFW). The comparison showed that resource characteristics can have a significant impact on net GHG emissions, most notably in the case of landfilling. Linear formulae were also provided to estimate impacts based upon key resource parameters. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed and model uncertainty was discussed.
机译：可持续粮食供应链（FSC）紧接全球几个关键挑战，包括饥饿，资源稀缺，气候变化，贫困，能源安全和经济增长。但是，以可持续的方式管理FSC资源非常复杂，并且缺乏支持该目标的数据。本文通过对纽约州FSC应用各种分析和实验工具解决了四个知识空白。首先，对纽约州FSC进行了从摇篮到坟墓的分析。定义和表征了从FSC从初级生产（收获后）到消费的所有资源。调查和文献被用来估算FSC的资源，并为包括教育部门在内的多个部门和次级部门提供了因素。分析了纽约州利用途径中的物质流。据估计，每年产生超过350万吨的固体资源。包括捐赠在内的资源利用途径估计可治疗这些资源的约6％。还对主要来自食品加工商的另外2,200万立方米/年的低固体资源进行了评估和分析。;在下一章中，分析了该州新兴利用途径对气候变化的影响。进行了两次全面的生命周期评估（LCA）以评估气候变化的影响。首先是根据从该州最大的农场厌氧消化池收集的主要数据得出的，该消化池共同消化了牛粪和工业食物垃圾。结果显示，与参考案例相比，处理后的进水净负气候变化为37.5 kg CO2e / t。电网电力的置换提供了最大的减少，其次是避免了替代性食物垃圾处理方案，并减少了与消化液和未消化粪便的存储相关的影响。敏感性分析表明，使用从高影响力处置途径中转移过来的原料，控制沼气池的排放以及管理沼气池的排放是提高气候变化效益的机会。第二个LCA基于小规模的分布式废物转化为乙醇工艺。该分析基于运行中的试验工厂设施的数据，共同发酵工业和零售FSC资源。据估计，加工阶段对气候变化的影响与相关的商业乙醇生产相当，但是，当考虑避免对用作原料的FSC资源进行废物处置时，结果是产生了338千克CO2e / MJ燃料的净负面影响。 ；下一章评估了纽约州FSC的几种重要资源作为沼气生产原料的潜力。对来自零售和食品加工领域的二十四种分离源的商业底物进行了表征，并在实验室规模的生物甲烷潜力（BMP）测试中进行了测试。底物还与奶牛粪便和其他底物结合在一起，以评估与共消化相关的协同或拮抗作用。报告了关键的生物甲烷动力学参数，包括生物甲烷潜能，表观水解速率常数和共消化指数。高脂肪含量的底物具有更高的生物甲烷生成潜力。富含易于水解的碳水化合物和脂肪的底物显示出更完全的生物降解。测得的生物甲烷潜力是这两个因素的乘积。共同消化的底物的生物甲烷产量接近单个底物的加权平均值，但有轻微的协同偏差（平均为-5％/ + 20％）。但是，共同消化通常会导致表观水解速率相对于单个底物组合所预测的速率有所提高。最后，FSC资源特性对温室气体（GHG）排放的影响与所分析资源的利用有关。开发了一个开源模型（ORCAS）来评估几种纽约州资源利用途径对气候变化的影响。前几章中收集的数据用于选择最相关的FSC资源并提供特征数据，这些数据用于计算这些资源在不同利用途径中的影响。将这些结果与基于市政固体废物食物残渣（MSWFW）的特征的一般报告结果进行比较。比较表明，资源特征可能对温室气体净排放量产生重大影响，尤其是在垃圾填埋场。还提供了线性公式以根据关键资源参数估算影响。进行了蒙特卡洛模拟并讨论了模型的不确定性。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ebner, Jacqueline H.;

  • 作者单位

    Rochester Institute of Technology.;

  • 授予单位 Rochester Institute of Technology.;
  • 学科 Sustainability.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 290 p.
  • 总页数 290
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 公共建筑;
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号