Cockpit designs informed by human factors psychology are associated with pilot performance improvements in response time, error rate, and workload. The role of aesthetics in flightdeck performance, however, is discounted as an important area of inquiry in the human factors literature, and receives little treatment in the industrial design literature.; Recent design theories suggest that user experiences are driven not only by designed usability, but also by visceral emotive and self-reflective reactions to products. Accordingly, an extant hypothesis proposes that attractive things may actually work better. A literature search demonstrated this hypothesis is untested with respect to objective performance and subjective workload on the flightdeck. This dissertation's purpose is to discuss the implications of flightdeck aesthetics, and to explore and clarify the effects of flightdeck aesthetics on pilot performance and workload.; Twenty-four pilots participated in a 2 x 2 within-subjects factorial experiment that varied graphical display interface skin aesthetics via variables of color (2 levels) and format (2 levels). A control condition without a skin was also used. Pilots rated and ranked interface aesthetics, and completed simulated tasks of hand-flying an instrument approach to minimums and managing alert messages using interfaces that represented all independent variable level combinations. Quantitative measures included flight technical error, alert message response time and error rate, and subjective workload. Pilots further qualitatively justified their most preferred and least preferred interfaces.; Results indicated that workload was significantly higher with a pilot's least preferred interface, and significantly lower with a pilot's most preferred interface, even with only a fascia---and not functional---change. However, changing the fascia did not significantly affect objective performance.; The implications are (1) given equivalent levels of designed functionality and usability, aesthetics can drive perceived workload, and (2) the looks better-works better hypothesis is not sufficient to define the relationship between industrial design synthesis and human factors evaluation activities. Implications for design are provided, as is an alternative hypothesis in which integrating designed aesthetics and usability yields a functional thing measurably better---in performance and preference---than the sum of measured benefits from designed aesthetics and usability activities executed in isolation.
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机译：受人为因素因素影响的驾驶舱设计与飞行员在响应时间，错误率和工作量方面的性能提高相关。然而，美学在飞行甲板性能中的作用被人为因素研究中的重要领域打折扣，而在工业设计文献中却很少受到重视。最新的设计理论表明，用户体验不仅受设计的可用性的驱动，而且还受产品内在的情感和自我反省的反应驱动。因此，现存的假设提出有吸引力的事物实际上可能会更好地起作用。文献检索表明，该假设在观景台上的客观表现和主观工作量方面未经检验。本文的目的是探讨甲板美学的含义，并探讨和阐明甲板美学对飞行员性能和工作量的影响。 24名飞行员参加了2 x 2的受试者内部析因实验，该实验通过颜色（2级）和格式（2级）变量来改变图形显示界面的皮肤美感。还使用没有皮肤的对照条件。飞行员对界面的美观度进行了评级和排名，并完成了手动飞行仪表方法以达到最小值并使用代表所有独立变量级别组合的界面来管理警报消息的模拟任务。量化措施包括飞行技术错误，警报消息响应时间和错误率以及主观工作量。飞行员在质量上进一步证明了他们最喜欢和最不喜欢的界面。结果表明，即使只有面板更改（而不是功能更改），使用飞行员最不喜欢的界面的工作量也显着增加，而飞行员最喜欢的界面的工作量则显着降低。但是，更换筋膜并不会显着影响客观表现。其含义是：（1）在设计功能和可用性具有同等水平的情况下，美学可以驱动感知的工作量；（2）外观更好，更好的假设不足以定义工业设计综合与人为因素评估活动之间的关系。提供了设计的含义，以及另一个假设，在该假设中，将设计的美观性和可用性相结合会产生功能上的东西（在性能和偏好方面），其效果要比单独执行设计的美观性和可用性活动所获得的实测收益总和大。
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