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首页> 外文学位 >Synthesis and evaluation of novel biochar-based and metal oxide-based catalysts for removal of model tar (toluene), ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide from simulated producer gas.
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Synthesis and evaluation of novel biochar-based and metal oxide-based catalysts for removal of model tar (toluene), ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide from simulated producer gas.

机译：新型生物炭基和金属氧化物基催化剂的合成和评估，用于从模拟生产气中去除模型焦油（甲苯），氨和硫化氢。

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摘要

Gasification is a thermochemical conversion process in which carbonaceous feedstock is gasified in a controlled atmosphere to generate producer gas. The producer gas is used for production of heat, power, fuels and chemicals. Various contaminants such as tars, NH3, and H2S in producer gas possess many problems due to their corrosive nature and their ability to clog and deactivate catalysts. In this study, several catalysts were synthesized, characterized, and tested for removal of three contaminants (toluene (model tar), NH3, and H2S) from the biomass-generated producer gas. Biochar, a catalyst, was generated from gasification of switchgrass. Activated carbon and acidic surface activated carbon were synthesized using ultrasonication method from biochar. Acidic surface was synthesized by coating activated carbon with dilute acid. Mixed metal oxide catalysts were synthesized from hydrotalcite precursors using novel synthesis technique using microwave and ultrasonication.;Surface area of activated carbon (∼900 m2/g) was significantly higher than that of its precursor biochar (∼60 m2/g). Surface area of metal oxide catalyst was approximately 180 m2/g after calcination. Biochar, activated carbon, and acidic surface activated carbon showed toluene removal efficiencies of approximately 78, 88, and 88 %, respectively, when the catalysts were tested individually with toluene in the presence of producer gas at 800 °C. The toluene removal efficiencies increased to 86, 91, and 97 % using biochar, activated carbon and acidic surface activated carbon, respectively in the presence of NH3 and H2S in the producer gas. Increase in toluene removal efficiencies in presence of NH3 and H2S indicates that NH3 and H 2S play a role in toluene reforming reactions during simultaneous removal of contaminants. Toluene removal efficiency for mixed metal oxide was approximately 83%. Ammonia adsorption capacities were 0.008 g NH3/g catalyst for biochar and 0.03g NH3/g catalyst for activated carbon, acidic surface activated carbon, and mixed metal oxide catalyst. H2S adsorption capacities were 0.008 g H2S/g catalyst for all biochar-based catalysts and 0.01g H2S/g catalyst for mixed metal oxide. Thus, ultrasonication and microwave technology offer improved benefits for synthesis of high-performance catalysts intended for use in biomass-generated producer gas upgrading. High surface area biochar-based and metal-oxide based catalysts have high efficiencies for simultaneous removal of toluene, NH3, and H2S.
机译：气化是一种热化学转化过程，其中含碳原料在受控的气氛中被气化以产生生产气。沼气用于生产热，电，燃料和化学药品。煤气中的各种污染物（例如焦油，NH3和H2S）具有腐蚀性，并且具有堵塞和钝化催化剂的能力，因此存在许多问题。在这项研究中，合成，表征和测试了几种催化剂，用于从生物质产生的生产气中去除三种污染物（甲苯（焦油模型），NH3和H2S）。柳枝gas的气化产生了生物炭（一种催化剂）。采用生物炭超声法合成了活性炭和酸性表面活性炭。通过用稀酸涂覆活性炭来合成酸性表面。采用新颖的微波和超声合成技术，由水滑石前驱体合成了混合金属氧化物催化剂。活性炭的表面积（约900 m2 / g）明显高于其前体生物炭的表面积（约60 m2 / g）。煅烧后金属氧化物催化剂的表面积约为180m2 / g。当催化剂与甲苯在生产气存在下于800°C进行单独测试时，生物炭，活性炭和酸性表面活性炭分别显示出约78％，88％和88％的甲苯去除效率。在生产气中存在NH3和H2S的情况下，使用生物炭，活性炭和酸性表面活性炭分别将甲苯的去除效率提高到86％，91％和97％。在NH3和H2S存在下甲苯去除效率的提高表明，在同时去除污染物的过程中，NH3和H 2S在甲苯重整反应中起作用。混合金属氧化物的甲苯去除效率约为83％。氨吸附量为生物炭催化剂为0.008 g NH3 / g，活性炭，酸性表面活性炭和混合金属氧化物催化剂为0.03g NH3 / g。对于所有基于生物炭的催化剂，H2S的吸附容量为0.008 g H2S / g催化剂，对于混合金属氧化物，H2S的吸附容量为0.01g H2S / g催化剂。因此，超声和微波技术为旨在用于生物质产生的生产气提质的高性能催化剂的合成提供了改善的益处。高表面积生物炭基和金属氧化物基催化剂具有高效去除甲苯，NH3和H2S的效率。

著录项

  • 作者

    Bhandari, Pushpak.;

  • 作者单位

    Oklahoma State University.;

  • 授予单位 Oklahoma State University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Chemical.;Energy.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 134 p.
  • 总页数 134
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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