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首页> 外文学位 >The blind scorekeepers: Journalism, polling, and the battle to define public opinion in American politics.
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The blind scorekeepers: Journalism, polling, and the battle to define public opinion in American politics.

机译：盲目记分员：新闻，民意测验以及在美国政治中定义民意的斗争。

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摘要

Survey research has been touted as an important tool for measuring citizens' attitudes, facilitating deliberation, and ultimately achieving more responsive government. Yet the reality of how polling data is used in American politics falls short of these goals. While political scientists have studied elite use of opinion data for message-testing and position-taking, little evidence has been gathered about the quantity and quality of survey data in the news or how these aggregated snapshots of mass opinion shape and reshape our understanding of collective preferences.;This dissertation offers new clarity on these dynamics and explores why poll results in the news rarely fulfill their function as a "public utility." Instead of helping the public hear each other's perspectives better or empowering citizens' voices in policymaking, most references to survey data in the news end at tracking the standing of politicians in the partisan "score," with advocacy groups actually sponsoring a growing share of data that assesses support for policies and other attitudes. Audience demand may only be partly responsible. Vast changes in both the news and opinion research industries are undermining journalists' abilities to adjudicate between competing opinion claims while a mismatch between journalistic norms and the constraints of conventional research practices limit the usefulness of many surveys as effective reporting tools. By averaging across all Americans, polls may obscure the full spectrum of citizens' attitudes, resulting in the marginalization of public opinion except in cases with clear electoral implications. Additionally, the dissertation presents results from two survey experiments that indicate how perceptions of collective opinions, and poll reporting in particular, exert powerful (if conditional) effects on attitudes, synthesizing theories of impersonal and elite cueing---with significant implications for the study of micro and mass opinion. Rather than informing the public about itself, coverage of polls may enflame existing identities, induce conformity, and engender less accurate perceptions of others' opinions. The dissertation employs a range of methodological approaches including large-scale content analysis and 41 in-depth interviews with prominent journalists and practitioners.
机译：调查研究被吹捧为衡量公民态度，促进审议并最终建立反应更快的政府的重要工具。然而，在美国政治中如何使用轮询数据的现实仍未达到这些目标。尽管政治学家研究了意见数据在信息测试和求职中的精英使用，但几乎没有证据表明新闻中调查数据的数量和质量，或者这些汇总的大众观点快照如何塑造和重塑我们对集体的理解本论文为这些动态提供了新的清晰度，并探讨了为什么新闻中的民意测验结果很少能履行其作为“公共事业”的功能。新闻上大多数对调查数据的引用都没有帮助公众更好地听取彼此的观点或增强公民在决策中的发言权，而最终指向跟踪政党在党派“分数”中的地位，而倡导团体实际上赞助了越来越多的数据评估对政策和其他态度的支持。观众需求可能仅部分负责。新闻和舆论研究行业的巨大变化正在削弱记者在相互竞争的舆论主张之间进行裁决的能力，而新闻工作者规范与传统研究实践的局限性之间的不匹配限制了许多调查作为有效报告工具的有用性。通过对所有美国人进行平均，民意测验可能会掩盖所有公民的态度，从而导致民意被边缘化，除非有明显选举影响。此外，本文还提供了两个调查实验的结果，这些实验表明了对集体意见的理解，特别是民意测验如何对态度产生强大的（如果有条件的话）影响，综合了非人称和精英提示的理论，这对该研究具有重要意义。微观和大众观点。覆盖民意调查可能不会激发公众的自我意识，反而会激怒现有的身份，引起人们的认同感，并导致人们对他人观点的理解不准确。论文采用了多种方法论方法，包括大规模的内容分析和对著名记者和从业人员的41次深度访谈。

著录项

  • 作者

    Toff, Benjamin J.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;
  • 学科 Political science.;Journalism.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 328 p.
  • 总页数 328
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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