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首页> 外文学位 >La toxoplasmose chez les inuits : Investigation de l'ecologie de Toxoplasma gondii dans l'Arctique Canadien.
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La toxoplasmose chez les inuits : Investigation de l'ecologie de Toxoplasma gondii dans l'Arctique Canadien.

机译：因纽特人的弓形虫病：调查加拿大北极地区的弓形虫生态学。

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摘要

Toxoplasmosis results from infection with Toxoplasma gondii, a widespread protozoan that can infect many species including warm-blooded mammals and birds. The public health impact of toxoplasmosis is important, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and the foetus. Levels of human infection in parts of the Canadian Arctic are among the highest in the world, despite the absence of felids that are the only hosts that can excrete T. gondii. Several studies have suggested that consumption of raw meat of marine mammals including seals is a source of infection for the Inuit.;Our research sought to understand the dispersal mechanisms of T. gondii in aquatic ecosystems leading to contamination of the marine environment of the Arctic by oocysts, and to assess the importance of this route of dispersion for infection in seals and consequently in the Inuit. We hypothesized that the T. gondii oocysts excreted during the winter by felids in the subarctic area and transported by rivers during spring melt contaminated the estuaries of the Canadian Arctic.;Initially, a cross-sectional study of seroprevalence in seals from the Canadian Arctic showed that these populations were infected with T. gondii and thus a priori could be a source of infection for Inuit. Spatio-temporal variations in seroprevalence were observed suggesting a potential link with variations in environmental contamination by oocysts.;A conceptual diagram of the possible mechanisms of transport and fate of T. gondii oocysts, from the melting snow to the exposure of marine organisms, is proposed in the following chapter. Interactions between the various mechanisms identified, which act on various temporal and spatial scales, should favour the appearance of relatively high concentrations in estuaries allowing exposure and potential infection of seals.;To assess environmental contamination by oocysts excreted by the lynx population living in the watershed of the Canadian Arctic (the only felines largely distributed in this vast territory), we conducted a serological cross sectional study in this population. This study showed that lynx were infected with T. gondii and also suggested the dynamics of lynx-hare population cycles as an important process in the transmission of T. gondii..;Finally, the modeling of hydrological transport of oocysts indicated that the hypothetical concentrations of oocysts in meltwater could be sufficient to permit significant exposure in estuarine filter-feeding bivalves on which seals prey and therefore potentially representing sources of infection for them.;In changing northern ecosystems, understanding the mechanisms of transmission of waterborne pathogens, including T. gondii is essential, especially in order to protect vulnerable populations that live in these regions.
机译：弓形虫病是由弓形虫弓形虫感染引起的，这种弓形虫是一种广泛传播的原生动物，可以感染许多物种，包括温血哺乳动物和鸟类。弓形虫病对公众健康的影响很重要，尤其是在免疫功能低下的人和胎儿中。尽管没有猫科动物是唯一可以排泄刚地弓形虫的宿主，但加拿大北极地区的人类感染水平仍是世界上最高的。多项研究表明，食用生食研究人员试图了解 T. gondii 在水生生态系统中的扩散机制，导致卵囊污染北极海洋环境，这是因纽特人感染海藻的原因。 ，并评估这种分散途径对于海豹和因纽特人感染的重要性。我们假设 T。弓形虫的卵囊在冬季被北极地区的猫科动物排泄并在春季融化过程中被河流运输，污染了加拿大北极的河口。人群感染了 T. gondii ，因此先验可能是因纽特人的传染源。观察到了血清时空变化的时空变化，表明与卵囊对环境的污染变化有潜在的联系。;斜体T运输和命运的可能机制的概念图。在下一章中，提出了从融雪到海洋生物暴露的刚地卵囊。在各种时空尺度上起作用的各种机制之间的相互作用，应有利于河口中相对较高浓度的出现，从而使海豹接触并可能感染海豹。评估生活在流域的山猫种群排泄的卵囊对环境的污染在加拿大北极地区（仅有的大部分分布在这片广阔领土上的猫科动物）中，我们对该人群进行了血清学横断面研究。这项研究表明，山猫感染了 T。 ，并提出了山猫-野兔种群周期的动态变化，这是 T. gondii。传播的重要过程。最后，卵囊水文运输的模型表明，假说融化水中卵囊中的浓度可能足以使河口滤食性双壳类动物大量接触，从而封闭了猎物，因此潜在地代表了它们的感染源。在改变北部生态系统时，了解水生病原体的传播机制，包括<斜体> T。刚地是必不可少的，尤其是为了保护居住在这些地区的脆弱人群。

著录项

  • 作者

    Simon, Audrey.;

  • 作者单位

    Universite de Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Universite de Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Health Sciences Epidemiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 190 p.
  • 总页数 190
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 肿瘤学;
  • 关键词

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