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Enhancing the Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS) Method Using a Fresnel Lens.

机译：使用菲涅尔透镜增强太阳能消毒（SODIS）方法。

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摘要

Currently, about one in seven people worldwide lack access to clean water, and meeting the needs of a growing population will only further stress our existing resources (Gleick 2002). It is for these reasons that sustainable, cost effective, efficient water disinfection systems are needed. Therefore, the subject of this research is to explore a possible method of enhancing the Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS) method by using a Fresnel lens to concentrate solar energy, with the goal of attaining pasteurization temperatures to reduce holding times for disinfection. This method will be referred to as "PULSE" – Pasteurization Using a Lens and Solar Energy. The hypotheses are that pasteurization temperatures can be reached using a Fresnel lens and, secondly, that the Fresnel lens will accelerate the rate of disinfection by causing a rapid temperature rise during the solar disinfection process.;To test the first hypothesis, a Fresnel lens was used under varying weather conditions to determine its heating capabilities and conditions under which it is able to reach pasteurization temperatures. In testing the second hypothesis, disinfection rate as a function of temperature increase was established using a hot plate. Following demonstration that disinfection increases with temperature increase, an experiment utilizing PET bottles (typically employed in the SODIS method) (SODIS: How does it work? 2011) filled with water spiked with E. coli, was carried out to determine bacterial inactivation rates. Each condition (Dark, Hotplate, SODIS, and PULSE) was tested, but SODIS and PULSE were done over the summer months, when weather conditions would be similar, to ensure reproducibility of results. Temperature and E. coli numbers were monitored as a function of time. The rates of bacterial inactivation in each of the PET bottles were compared to confirm how temperature affects disinfection rates and to determine whether the Fresnel lens will speed up the solar disinfection process. The goal was to demonstrate that by achieving pasteurization temperatures, a Fresnel lens could significantly increase disinfection rates, thereby providing clean water in a much shorter amount of time.;In exploring this technology approach, this research sought to lay a foundation in which the mechanism, application, and relevance of lens-enhanced solar disinfection can be more closely studied. Better designs, better materials, and a better understanding of the fundamental principles governing disinfection can be brought to the forefront with the examination of existing designs, materials, and current data that this research looks to elucidate. Ultimately, it is towards this end in which this research is directed – to help mitigate human suffering due to something well within our capability.
机译：目前，全世界约有七分之一的人无法获得清洁的水，满足不断增长的人口的需求只会进一步加重我们现有的资源（Gleick 2002）。出于这些原因，需要可持续的，具有成本效益的，高效的水消毒系统。因此，本研究的主题是探索一种可能的方法，该方法通过使用菲涅耳透镜集中太阳能来增强太阳能消毒（SODIS）方法，以达到巴氏灭菌温度以减少消毒的保持时间。该方法将称为“脉冲”-使用透镜和太阳能进行巴氏杀菌。假设是可以使用菲涅耳透镜达到巴氏灭菌温度，其次，菲涅尔透镜将通过在太阳能消毒过程中引起温度的快速升高来加快消毒速度。为了检验第一个假设，菲涅耳透镜是在不同的天气条件下使用，以确定其加热能力和能够达到巴氏灭菌温度的条件。在测试第二种假设时，使用加热板确定消毒速率与温度升高的关系。在证明消毒随温度升高而增加后，进行了一项实验，该实验使用填充有加有大肠杆菌的水的PET瓶（通常用于SODIS方法）（SODIS：它如何工作？2011），以确定细菌的失活率。测试了每种条件（黑暗，热板，SODIS和PULSE），但SODIS和PULSE在夏季进行，当时天气情况相似，以确保结果的可重复性。监测温度和大肠杆菌数量作为时间的函数。比较了每个PET瓶中细菌的灭活率，以确认温度如何影响消毒率并确定菲涅耳透镜是否会加快太阳能消毒过程。目的是证明通过达到巴氏灭菌温度，菲涅尔透镜可以大大提高消毒速度，从而在更短的时间内提供清洁的水。在探索这种技术方法时，本研究试图为该机理奠定基础。可以进一步研究镜片增强型太阳消毒的用途，相关性。通过检查现有的设计，材料和本研究旨在阐明的当前数据，可以使更好的设计，更好的材料以及对消毒基本原理的更好理解成为最重要的问题。最终，本研究的目标就是朝着这个目标迈进，以帮助减轻人类力所能及的痛苦。

著录项

  • 作者

    Awad, Christina.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Riverside.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Riverside.;
  • 学科 Engineering Chemical.;Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 63 p.
  • 总页数 63
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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