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首页> 外文学位 >Linking profitability, renewable energy, and externalities: A spatial econometric assessment of the socio-economic impact of Ohio dairies .
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Linking profitability, renewable energy, and externalities: A spatial econometric assessment of the socio-economic impact of Ohio dairies .

机译：将获利能力，可再生能源和外部性联系起来：对俄亥俄州奶业社会经济影响的空间计量经济学评估。

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摘要

Communities living in close proximity to livestock operations may be subjected to economic externalities (third party or spill over effects) like pollution or odors originating from these facilities. Direct environmental contamination is of considerable concern since waste is frequently stored in stacks or pits and may leach or spill into the surrounding environment. There is also the danger that waste may be transported even further across the landscape via runoff. But adequate information about the social costs associated with livestock operations is scarce. Addressing this informational gap constitutes the first objective of this work. Here, economic modeling combined with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) based mapping has been used to analyze the impact of animal agriculture on the environment and local communities.Several hedonic pricing models were developed for three selected counties in the state of Ohio across two different time periods (2000 to 2001 and 2003 to 2004). Hedonic regressions explain the value of a house in terms of its characteristics therefore they can be used to ascertain whether or not an environmental variable has a statistically significant impact on housing values. Because of the spatial nature of the data a neighborhood sampling method as well as explicit spatial modeling was used to derive value estimates. The impacts estimated by both models in terms of prices were quite similar thereby increasing confidence in the robust nature of the results. Marginal prices of Decreasing these impacts by means of employing anaerobic digestion to manage waste and generate energy on farm would provide considerable environmental advantages as well. One moderately sized dairy operation (of about 183 animals) would be able to generate enough electricity to power up to 6 homes (using only 25% of the available material), and decrease greenhouse gas emissions by over 30% relative to conventional coal based electricity production. The dairy sector across Ohio has the potential to power almost 20,000 homes assuming only 25% of the waste material produced is collected and used for generation purposes. Using anaerobic digestion to generate power could decrease greenhouse gas emissions from 1% to almost 14% state wide (depending on what assumptions are made about methane content and conversion efficiency), about 45 to 512 thousand tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, respectively (utilizing only ¼ to ½ the available material). Furthermore, using animal waste to produce renewable energy would not entail removing crop residue from harvested lands and thus potentially decreasing the agricultural productivity of these lands.
机译：生活在靠近牲畜养殖场的社区可能会受到经济外部因素（第三方或溢出效应）的影响，例如源自这些设施的污染或气味。直接的环境污染引起了极大的关注，因为废物经常存储在堆垛或坑中，并可能浸出或溢出到周围环境中。还有一种危险，就是废物可能会通过径流在整个景观中进一步传播。但是缺乏有关与牲畜饲养相关的社会成本的足够信息。解决这一信息空白是这项工作的首要目标。在这里，经济模型与基于GIS（地理信息系统）的地图相结合已被用于分析动物农业对环境和当地社区的影响。为俄亥俄州的三个选定县在两个不同时期开发了几种享乐定价模型期间（2000年至2001年以及2003年至2004年）。 Hedonic回归根据其特征来解释房屋的价值，因此可以用来确定环境变量是否对房屋价值产生统计学上的显着影响。由于数据的空间性质，因此使用邻域采样方法以及显式空间建模来得出值估计。两种模型在价格方面的估计影响都非常相似，从而增强了人们对结果稳健性的信心。通过采用厌氧消化来管理废物并在农场中产生能量来减少这些影响的边际价格也将提供可观的环境优势。一个中等规模的奶牛场（约183只动物）将能够产生足够的电力来为6户家庭供电（仅使用可用材料的25％），并且与传统的煤基电力相比，温室气体排放量减少30％以上生产。假设仅收集产生的废料的25％并将其用于发电，整个俄亥俄州的乳制品行业就有潜力为近20,000户家庭供电。使用厌氧消化发电可以将全州范围内的温室气体排放量从1％减少到几乎14％（取决于对甲烷含量和转化效率的假设），分别减少约45至51.2万吨二氧化碳当量（仅利用＆frac14到＆frac12可用材料）。此外，使用动物粪便产生可再生能源并不一定要从收割的土地上清除农作物残留物，因此有可能降低这些土地的农业生产力。

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  • 作者

    Dabrowski, Kornelia A.;

  • 作者单位

    The Ohio State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Ohio State University.;
  • 学科 Economics Environmental.Economics Agricultural.Environmental Studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 184 p.
  • 总页数 184
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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