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首页> 外文学位 >Conflict and compromise in the late medieval countryside: Lords and peasants in Durham, 1349--1430 (England).
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Conflict and compromise in the late medieval countryside: Lords and peasants in Durham, 1349--1430 (England).

机译：中世纪晚期乡村的冲突与妥协：达勒姆郡的上议院和农民，1349--1430年（英格兰）。

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摘要

This study examines the changing relations between English lords and peasants at the end of the Middle Ages, in light of the arrival of the Black Death and its attendant socio-economic pressures. The relationship between lords and peasants was fluid and extremely contingent on their perceptions of prevailing political and economic circumstances. Although shifts in the relationship apparently coincide with exogenous crises of mortality, the course of events depended principally on individual choices influenced by memory or custom. Neither of the two models commonly used to explain this relationship---through seignorial exploitation and harmonious peasant communities---adequately represents the full, dynamic range of lord-peasant relations.; Applying techniques created in the study of peasant and slave societies of other time periods broadens the examination of elite-peasant relations to include collaboration and everyday resistance, and allows construction of a more complex and less static model of lord-peasant relations in medieval England. The generally untapped records from the estates of the Bishop and the Priory of Durham are extremely rich in medieval material, with verbose memoranda and legal records supplementing vast numbers of annual accounts produced by all levels of administration. These permit the historian not only to establish general trends to recreate everyday life in close detail, but also to explore the mentalities and motives of lords and peasants after the Black Death.; The heart of this study is a reconstruction and analysis of the continuous re-negotiation of power between lords and tenants through open conflict, compromise, and subtle maneuvering. The Black Death struck Durham in 1349, killing half of the population. The next half century saw lords and peasants struggling to stabilize their existence and return to a sense of normalcy. For most of this period, the peasants usually struggled against each other, but could unite against the lords when necessary. The consequences further destabilized the social and economic situation. The combination of a demographic crisis and peasant resistance caused seignorial power to collapse in the late 1390s, accelerating the transformation of the lords from seigneurs to landlords, and by 1400 the transformation of Durham society was complete.
机译：鉴于黑死病的到来及其伴随的社会经济压力，本研究考察了中世纪末期英国领主与农民之间不断变化的关系。领主与农民之间的关系是不稳定的，并且在很大程度上取决于他们对当前政治和经济环境的看法。尽管这种关系的变化显然与外来的死亡危机相吻合，但事件的进程主要取决于受记忆或习俗影响的个人选择。两种通常用来解释这种关系的模型（通过塞纳圭人的剥削和和谐的农民社区）都不能充分代表领主-农民关系的动态范围。应用在其他时期的农奴制和奴隶制社会中研究出的技术扩大了精英农民关系的研究范围，包括合作和日常抵抗，并允许在中世纪的英格兰构建更复杂，静态性更强的农民关系模型。主教和达勒姆修道院的遗产通常未开发的记录中，中世纪资料极为丰富，冗长的备忘录和法律记录补充了各级行政部门编制的大量年度账目。这些使历史学家不仅可以建立总体趋势来更详细地再现日常生活，而且还可以探索黑死病之后领主和农民的思想和动机。这项研究的核心是通过公开冲突，妥协和微妙的操纵，对上议院和租户之间的权力重新谈判进行不断的重构和分析。黑死病于1349年袭击了达勒姆，杀死了一半的人口。在接下来的半个世纪中，君主和农民为稳定他们的生存并恢复正常感而作斗争。在这段时期的大部分时间里，农民通常相互斗争，但在必要时可以与诸侯团结。后果进一步破坏了社会和经济状况。人口危机和农民的抵抗相结合，导致君主制权力在1390年代后期瓦解，加速了领主从君主制向地主的转变，到1400年，达勒姆社会的转变完成了。

著录项

  • 作者

    Larson, Peter L.;

  • 作者单位

    Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick.;

  • 授予单位 Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick.;
  • 学科 History Medieval.; History European.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 363 p.
  • 总页数 363
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 中世纪史（476~1640年）;欧洲史;
  • 关键词

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