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首页> 外文学位 >Prediction des habiletes et habitudes de conduite automobile securitaire chez les conducteurs âges: Apport de la neuropsychologie clinique.
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Prediction des habiletes et habitudes de conduite automobile securitaire chez les conducteurs âges: Apport de la neuropsychologie clinique.

机译：老年驾驶员安全驾驶技能和习惯的预测：临床神经心理学的贡献。

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摘要

The increase of crash rates in elderly population can be attributed in some part to the effects of normal aging on cognitive functioning. In the other hand, older drivers are likely to adopt self-regulated driving behaviours, such as driving habits to restrict their exposure to less complex situations. Neuropsychological assessments have shown some efficacy in the field of fitness-to-drive screening of older drivers suffering from neurological disorders. This thesis aims to assess the relevance of clinical neuropsychology in screening methods considering older drivers population. The main goal is thus to study the contribution and the sensitivity of neuropsychological testing in the prediction of skills and habits of safe driving among older drivers. In the same vein, the thesis investigates the role of other socio-demographic and psychological variables.;Article 2 was carried from previous neuropsychological testing and self-administered questionnaires related to avoidance driving behaviours, drivers perceptions and attitudes. The results indicate that individuals who show higher difficulties in tests assessing visuospatial working memory, processing speed, and divided and selective attention capacities are significantly more likely to adopt avoidance driving strategies. The results also demonstrate that driving avoidance is higher among drivers who tend to depreciate their general driving skills, to express a lower perception of control and an unfavourable attitude towards risky driving. Avoidance strategies are thus proven to be self-regulatory responses which are proportionate to cognitive limitations and individual perceptions.;In summary, this thesis demonstrates that peripheral detection performances of older drivers in a simulated car study, are well reflected in neuropsychological testing assessing working memory and other attentional abilities. Since detection skills are crucial for driving safety, an indirect link can be established between neuropsychological measures and road safety among older drivers. It also seems that those drivers, who have greater cognitive limitations, are more likely to avoid challenging driving situations, thereby balancing their crash risk. It is concluded that fitness-to-drive assessments based on neuropsychological screening need to be complemented with the assessment of self-regulatory behaviors. In the context of an aging population, new interventions should focus on strengthening self-regulatory behaviors of older drivers.;To this end, article 1 evaluates the predictive validity of seven tests of visuo-attentional functions and working memory efficiency in relation to peripheral detection task performances in 50 drivers aged from 62 to 83 years in a simulated car driving environment. The driving simulation consisted of a simple driving condition and a condition including a "hands-free" cell phone distraction task. The results indicate that some neuropsychological tests, as opposed to age, are good predictors of detection performances. In addition, the predictive validity of the tests is more important in the most challenging driving condition. The Corsi Block Tapping test, assessing visuospatial working memory, is revealed as on of the best predictor of detection skills.
机译：老年人口崩溃率的提高在一定程度上可归因于正常衰老对认知功能的影响。另一方面，年长的驾驶员可能会采取自我调节的驾驶行为，例如驾驶习惯，以限制他们在不太复杂的情况下的接触。神经心理学评估显示，在对患有神经系统疾病的老年驾驶员进行适合驾驶的筛查中，有些功效。本文旨在评估临床神经心理学在考虑老年驾驶员群体的筛查方法中的相关性。因此，主要目标是研究神经心理学测试对老年人驾驶技能和习惯预测中的贡献和敏感性。同样，本论文还研究了其他社会人口统计学和心理变量的作用。第二条是从以前的神经心理学测试和自我管理的问卷中得出的，这些问卷与回避驾驶行为，驾驶员的感知和态度有关。结果表明，在评估视觉空间工作记忆，处理速度以及分散和选择性注意能力的测试中显示较高难度的个人，更有可能采用回避驱动策略。结果还表明，倾向于降低其一般驾驶技能，表示对控制的感知和对危险驾驶的不良态度的驾驶员中，避免驾驶的可能性更高。因此，回避策略被证明是自我调节反应，与认知限制和个人知觉成比例。总之，本论文证明，在模拟汽车研究中，老年驾驶员的外围检测性能在评估工作记忆的神经心理学测试中得到了很好的体现。和其他注意能力。由于检测技能对于驾驶安全至关重要，因此可以在老年人的神经心理学措施和道路安全之间建立间接联系。似乎，那些具有更大认知限制的驾驶员更有可能避免挑战性的驾驶情况，从而平衡他们的撞车风险。结论是，基于神经心理学筛选的驾驶适应性评估需要与自我调节行为的评估相辅相成。在人口老龄化的背景下，新的干预措施应侧重于加强老年驾驶员的自我调节行为。为此，第1条评估了视觉注意力功能和工作记忆效率与外围检测相关的七项测试的预测有效性在模拟汽车驾驶环境中，对50位年龄在62至83岁之间的驾驶员进行了任务表演。驾驶模拟包括一个简单的驾驶条件和一个包括“免提”手机分心任务的条件。结果表明，与年龄相反，一些神经心理学测试是检测性能的良好预测指标。此外，在最具挑战性的驾驶条件下，测试的预测有效性更为重要。评估视觉空间工作记忆的Corsi Block Tapping测试被证明是检测技能的最佳预测指标。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hazel, Mylene.;

  • 作者单位

    Universite de Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Universite de Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Psychology Cognitive.;Sociology Demography.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 208 p.
  • 总页数 208
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 肿瘤学;
  • 关键词

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