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Coseismic slip distribution of the 2010 m7.0 Haiti earthquake and resulting stress changes on regional faults.

机译：2010年海地7.0级地震的同震滑动分布及其在区域断层上的应力变化。

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摘要

The Mw 7.0 January 12, 2010, Haiti earthquake ruptured the previously unmapped Léogâne Fault, a secondary transpressional fault located close to the Enriquillo Plantain Garden Fault (EPGF), the major fault system assumed to be the primary source of seismic hazard for southern Haiti. In the absence of a precise aftershock catalog, previous estimations of coseismic slip had to infer the rupture geometry from geodetic and/or seismological data. Here we use a catalog of precisely relocated aftershocks covering the 6 months following the event to constrain the rupture geometry, estimate a slip distribution from an inversion of GPS, InSAR and coastal uplift data, and calculate the resulting changes of Coulomb failure stress on neighboring faults. The relocated aftershocks confirm a north dipping structure consistent with the Léogâne fault, as inferred from previous slip inversions. Our updated source model involves two subfaults, each corresponding to a major slip patch. The eastern one combines strike-slip and dip-slip, while the western one is mostly strike-slip. Overall, the event released 68 % of left-lateral strike-slip and 32 % of dip-slip reverse seismic moment, consistent with secular strain accumulation in southern Haiti from regional GPS studies.;Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the coseismic rupture show that the cluster of reverse faulting earthquakes, one as large as M 5.9, that were observed to the west of the coseismic rupture coincident with the offshore Trois Baies fault were likely triggered by the main shock. We find increased stresses on the Enriquillo fault to the west of the January 12, 2010 rupture (Miragoâne area, ∼3 bars) and to the east near Port-au-Prince (0.3 to ∼1 bar). Other regional faults do not show significant increase of static stresses at seismogenic depth. Increased coseismic stress changes on the Trois Baies fault and portions of the Enriquillo fault to the west and east of the Léogâne rupture are a concern as this could advance the timing of future events on those faults, which are all capable of magnitude 7 or greater events.
机译：2010年1月12日发生的7.0级Mw海地地震使先前未映射的莱奥甘断层破裂，这是次生压变断层，位于恩里基洛车前草花园断层（EPGF）附近，该断层被认为是海地南部地震危险的主要来源。在没有精确的余震目录的情况下，同震滑动的先前估计必须从大地和/或地震数据推断出破裂几何形状。在这里，我们使用事件发生后6个月内精确定位的余震的目录，以约束破裂的几何形状，从GPS，InSAR和沿海隆升数据的反演中估计滑移分布，并计算对邻近断层产生的库仑破坏应力的变化。从先前的滑移反演推论，重新定位的余震证实了北倾构造与莱奥涅断层一致。我们更新的源模型涉及两个子故障，每个子故障对应一个主要的滑动补丁。东部是走滑和倾滑，西部是走滑。总体而言，该事件释放了68％的左走向滑动和32％的倾斜滑动反向地震矩，这与区域GPS研究在海地南部的长期应变累积一致;;同震破裂引起的库仑破坏应力变化表明：在同震破裂以西与离岸Trois Baies断裂同时发生的反向断裂地震群（大至M 5.9）很可能是主震触发的。我们发现，Enriquillo断层的应力在2010年1月12日破裂的西部（米拉戈纳地区，约3巴）和太子港附近的东部（0.3至约1巴）处增加。其他区域性断层在地震发生深度没有显示出明显的静应力增加。 Trois Baies断层和Enriquillo断层在Léogâne断裂以西和东部的部分的同震应力变化增加，这是一个令人担忧的问题，因为这可能会使这些断层上未来事件的发生时间提前，这些事件都可能发生7级以上。

著录项

  • 作者

    Symithe, Steeve Julien.;

  • 作者单位

    Purdue University.;

  • 授予单位 Purdue University.;
  • 学科 Geophysics.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 70 p.
  • 总页数 70
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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