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Genetic variation in cultivated and wild Chenopodium species for quinoa breeding.

机译：藜藜繁殖栽培和野生藜属物种的遗传变异。

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摘要

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a domesticated food species harvested principally as a grain in the Andean region of South America. It is essential for food security of subsistence farmers who reside in the Altiplano (high plain) of Bolivia and Peru.; This dissertation addresses specific aspects of the Bolivian national quinoa breeding program, with the overall objectives of increasing quinoa production, protecting valuable genetic resources, and providing high-quality varieties of quinoa for subsistence farmers. The topics addressed in this dissertation include development and release of the quinoa variety 'Jach'a Grano,' development of dark-seeded quinoa breeding lines for eventual variety release, interspecific hybridization and restoration of fertility for introgression of favorable characteristics from related species, and spontaneous variation in quinoa.; Jach'a Grano is the result of a breeding effort to produce a high-yielding variety adapted to the needs of farmers in the northern and central Altiplano. The variety has exceptionally large (2.6 mm), white seeds, is bitter (saponins present in the seed pericarp, which deter bird predation), is moderately resistant to mildew, matures in 145 days in the region of adaptation, and yields 1,600--2,000 kg/ha of grain at agricultural experiment stations. It was developed from single-cross hybridization followed by repeated natural self-pollination with pedigree selection in early generations and replicated agronomic trials in later generations. Several dark-seeded breeding lines have advanced through replicated agronomic trials with Jach'a Grano and are in the seed-multiplication stages.; Reliable resistance to mildew (Peronospora farinosa) is not available in the known quinoa germplasm and must be acquired from related species. Interspecific hybridization of quinoa with cultivated ecotypes of C. nuttallieae from Mexico followed by restoration of fertility though backcrossing successfully introduced increased mildew resistance into quinoa.; Spontaneous variation in quinoa reduces the value of the crop and depresses yields. It has been attributed to natural cross-pollination and accidental seed admixture. However, research presented in this dissertation documents a relatively high degree of apparent paramutation to wild phenotypes in cultivated quinoa varieties, and genotypic variation for the degree of paramutation. Strategies for maintenance of varietal purity are also proposed.
机译：藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa Willd。）是一种驯化的食物种类，主要作为谷物在南美安第斯地区收获。对于居住在玻利维亚和秘鲁的高原（高平原）的自给自足农民的粮食安全至关重要。本文研究了玻利维亚国家藜麦育种计划的特定方面，其总体目标是增加藜麦产量，保护宝贵的遗传资源并为自给自足的农民提供优质的藜麦品种。本文涉及的主题包括奎奴亚藜品种“ Jach'a Grano”的开发和发布，用于最终品种发布的深色种子奎奴亚藜育种系的开发，种间杂交和恢复育性以使相关物种的有利特性渗入植物，以及藜麦的自发变异。 Jach'a Grano是育种工作的结果，该育种工作产生了适应北部和中部Altiplano农民需求的高产品种。该品种具有超大的（2.6毫米）白色种子，具有苦味（种子果皮中存在皂苷，可阻止鸟类捕食），对霉菌具有中等抗性，在适应范围内可在145天内成熟，产量为1600--农业试验站的谷物为2,000公斤/公顷。它是由单杂交杂交，随后的早期自然谱系选择，反复的自然自花授粉和后代的重复农艺试验开发而成。通过与Jach'a Grano的重复农艺试验，数个黑种子育种品系已经发展到种子繁殖阶段。在已知的藜麦种质中没有可靠的抗霉菌（Peronospora farinosa）抗性，必须从相关物种中获得。奎奴亚藜与墨西哥生态栽培的坚果类C.的种间杂交，然后恢复了繁殖力，尽管回交成功地提高了藜麦的抗霉性。藜麦的自发变异降低了农作物的价值并降低了单产。它被归因于自然的异花授粉和偶然的种子混合物。然而，本文提出的研究表明，在栽培的藜麦变种中，野生表型的表观变异程度相对较高，而变异的基因型变异程度较高。还提出了维持品种纯度的策略。

著录项

  • 作者

    Bonifacio, Alejandro.;

  • 作者单位

    Brigham Young University.;

  • 授予单位 Brigham Young University.;
  • 学科 Biology Botany.; Agriculture Agronomy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 83 p.
  • 总页数 83
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 植物学;农学（农艺学）;
  • 关键词

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