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Evaluation of disturbance factors and their effect on breeding common loons at Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge, New Hampshire and Maine .

机译：乌姆巴哥湖国家野生动物保护区，新罕布什尔州和缅因州的干扰因素及其对常见懒猴繁殖的影响。

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摘要

Virtually any person exposed to American movies or television has likely heard the call of a common loon (Gavia immer). Its use as a sound prop has become ubiquitous in any scene related to the outdoors or the wilderness, even if the area filmed is in no way related to true loon habitat. The reason behind this is that the common loon and its haunting cries have come to symbolize the great outdoors. The sound of their call is meant to make the audience feel like the scene they are watching is in a remote area, far from the trappings of civilization, and, in our experience, it works. Hollywood has picked up on a sentiment held by many outdoor enthusiasts and is using it successfully.;Unfortunately the southern range of the common loon is contracting and concern has been expressed over disturbance to breeding pairs by human activities, such as shoreline development, boating, and water-skiing, as well as possible contamination with lead, mercury, and other pollutants. If this alarming trend continues it may be that Hollywood movies will be the last place where a loon call can be heard in the United States.;In the following chapters I will explore various threats to common loon populations. I will start in Chapter 1 with an evaluation of the potential effects of global warming on common loons within the North American breeding range. In Chapter 2 I review the available literature on wildlife disturbance and discuss some of the shortcomings and future research needs. I then go to a finer scale of study in Chapter 3 with a spatial analysis of disturbance factors and the effects on breeding common loons at Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge. From there, in Chapter 4, I proceed to an analysis of specific behavioral responses exhibited by common loons in response to observed and experimentally imposed disturbance events. Finally, in Chapters 5 and 6, I briefly describe two natural disturbance events observed during our research, an immature bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) predating a loon nest, and a loon nest defense of an aggressive American mink ( Nevison vison).
机译：几乎任何接触过美国电影或电视节目的人都可能听到过普通懒人的叫声（Gavia immer）。在任何与室外或旷野有关的场景中，其用作声音道具的做法已无处不在，即使所拍摄的区域与真正的懒人栖息地也没有任何关系。其背后的原因是，普通的懒人和它的困扰声已经象征着户外活动。他们的呼唤声使听众感觉就像他们正在观看的场景是在偏远地区，远离文明的陷阱，按照我们的经验，它是有效的。好莱坞已经吸收了许多户外运动爱好者的情绪，并成功地使用了它。；不幸的是，普通懒人的南部范围正在缩小，并且人们对人类活动（例如海岸线发展，划船，滑水，以及铅，汞和其他污染物的可能污染。如果这种令人震惊的趋势持续下去，那么好莱坞电影可能将是在美国最后一次听到隆隆声的地方。在以下章节中，我将探讨对隆隆人群的各种威胁。我将从第一章开始，评估全球变暖对北美繁殖范围内常见懒猴的潜在影响。在第二章中，我回顾了有关野生动植物干扰的现有文献，并讨论了一些不足和未来的研究需求。然后，我将在第3章中进行更详细的研究，对干扰因素的空间分析及其对Umbagog湖国家野生动物保护区普通懒猴繁殖的影响。从那里开始，在第4章中，我将分析常见懒人对观察到的和通过实验施加的干扰事件所表现出的特定行为反应。最后，在第5章和第6章中，我简要描述了在我们的研究过程中观察到的两个自然扰动事件：未成熟的白头鹰（Haliaeetus leucocephalus）掠夺了懒人的巢穴，以及懒惰的巢穴防御了美国水貂（Nevison vison）。

著录项

  • 作者

    McCarthy, Kyle Patrick.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Massachusetts Amherst.;

  • 授予单位 University of Massachusetts Amherst.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Wildlife Conservation.;Biology Ecology.;Agriculture Wildlife Management.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 186 p.
  • 总页数 186
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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