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Aspects of the Melt Spinning of Fibres from Carbon Nanotube-Nylon Nanocomposites.

机译：碳纳米管-尼龙纳米复合材料纤维的熔融纺丝方面。

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摘要

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have experienced growing popularity in the past two decades. The field of advanced composite materials has developed quite an interest in using them for high performance applications, such as into thermoplastic fibres. However, a review of the literature showed that there was a lack of understanding between the rheological behavior of CNT-filled polymer and the processability of such materials through melt spinning. In this work, a methodology to incorporate carbon nanotubes (CNT) into thermoplastic fibres and to relate mechanical properties, fibre quality and viscosity was developed. Multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) were combined into a polyamide 12 (PA12) matrix through melt compounding and twin-screw extrusion. Pellets containing 0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% and 10.0 wt% MWNT were produced. Their rheological behaviour was investigated and spinnability and processability criteria were developed based on the loss factor and the relative viscosity. They both predicted that masterbatches containing more than 2.0 wt% CNT would be unsuitable for the production of high quality MWNT/PA12 fibres. The pellets were subsequently melt spun with a capillary rheometer at winding speeds of 41 m/min and 152 m/min. The tensile properties of as-spun filaments were measured with a micro-tensile testing machine. The results showed that the maximum Young's modulus was reached between 0 wt% and 1.0 wt% CNT, exhibiting an increase of 17%. Morphological observations revealed that there was a link between the decrease of elastic modulus and loss of surface quality for filaments containing more than 1.0 wt% MWNT. To further improve the fibres' mechanical properties, post-drawing parameters were systematically investigated: temperature, drawing speed and elongation. The best improvements in terms of elastic modulus and tensile stress were measured for the following post-drawing conditions: 140C and 500% elongation, regardless of drawing speed. The elastic modulus (E) and tensile stress values of MWNT/PA12 fibres were improved by at least 300% after post-drawing. Compared to pure PA12 fibres post-drawn under the same conditions, E increased by up to 45% and the tensile stress by up to 62%, for fibres containing 5.0 wt% MWNT. It was confirmed through electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction that these enhancements were caused by uniform nanotube dispersion, the improvement of surface quality and the alignment of the polymer chains along the fibre axis, controlled by the post-drawing temperature and elongation. Control of the mechanical properties with the post-drawing parameters shows that this method gives the opportunity to tailor CNT-fibres to meet specific demands.
机译：在过去的二十年中，碳纳米管（CNT）越来越受欢迎。先进的复合材料领域已经对将其用于高性能应用（例如热塑性纤维）感兴趣。但是，对文献的回顾表明，在CNT填充的聚合物的流变行为与此类材料通过熔融纺丝的可加工性之间缺乏了解。在这项工作中，开发了一种将碳纳米管（CNT）掺入热塑性纤维并关联机械性能，纤维质量和粘度的方法。通过熔融混合和双螺杆挤出将多壁纳米管（MWNT）组合成聚酰胺12（PA12）基体。制备包含0重量％，0.5重量％，1.0重量％，2.0重量％，5.0重量％和10.0重量％MWNT的粒料。研究了它们的流变行为，并基于损耗因子和相对粘度制定了可纺性和可加工性标准。他们俩都预测含有CNT含量超过2.0 wt％的母料将不适合生产高质量的MWNT / PA12纤维。随后用毛细管流变仪以41m / min和152m / min的卷绕速度将粒料熔融纺丝。用微拉伸试验机测量初纺长丝的拉伸性能。结果表明，CNT的最大杨氏模量达到0wt％至1.0wt％之间，增加了17％。形态学观察表明，对于含有超过1.0重量％MWNT的长丝，弹性模量的降低与表面质量的损失之间存在联系。为了进一步改善纤维的机械性能，系统地研究了拉伸后的参数：温度，拉伸速度和伸长率。在以下拉伸条件下，无论拉伸速度如何，在弹性模量和拉伸应力方面的最佳改进均在140°C和500％伸长率下进行。拉伸后，MWNT / PA12纤维的弹性模量（ E ）和拉伸应力值至少提高了300％。与在相同条件下后拉伸的纯PA12纤维相比，对于含有5.0 wt％MWNT的纤维， E 最多增加了45％，拉伸应力最多增加了62％。通过电子显微镜和X射线衍射证实，这些增强是由均匀的纳米管分散，表面质量的改善以及聚合物链沿纤维轴的排列（受拉伸后温度和伸长率控制）引起的。通过拉伸后参数控制机械性能表明，该方法为定制CNT纤维提供了机会，以满足特定需求。

著录项

  • 作者

    Palardy, Genevieve.;

  • 作者单位

    McGill University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 McGill University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Engineering Mechanical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 223 p.
  • 总页数 223
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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