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Exploring the potential of preventive approaches to converge business interests with environmental sustainability.

机译：探索预防方法将业务利益与环境可持续性融合的潜力。

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摘要

This thesis identifies and organizes preventive engineering and business approaches that claim to converge business interests with environmental sustainability. It then assesses the two preventive approaches with the greatest expected environmental benefits---selling services instead of products and product take-back---in terms of their throughput advantages and environmental advantages.; The approach of product take-back can be broken down into two engineering and business choices that companies can consider: (1a) fabricating materials from virgin resources or (1b) fabricating them from recovered materials and (2a) fabricating components from virgin materials or (2b) remanufacturing them from components retrieved from disassembled, worn out products. Options a (the conventional approaches) and b (the alternative approaches) within the two sets of choices are compared.; A comparative analysis of options 1a and 1b is undertaken for three materials: aluminum, steel and plastic. It consists of presenting life cycle inventories that indicate the throughput of matter and energy involved in each of the options based on data in the literature. Because of throughput advantages (lower waste treatment and disposal costs, fewer non-saleable products flowing through the facility leading to reduced capital, maintenance and energy costs and lower risks), the option with lower throughputs is likely to reduce costs. The life cycle inventories are used to calculate environmental impact indicators. These indicators are a measure of contribution to specific environmental problems. In general, it is found that option 1b has throughput advantages and environmental advantages over option 1a.; The comparison between option 2a and 2b is undertaken using case studies of German end-of-life vehicles, Xerox photocopiers and IBM computers. Here the data are limited and scattered, but suggest that the throughput advantages and environmental advantages are considerable.; The additional benefits to be expected from selling services instead of products, above and beyond what can be expected from the product take-back approach, could not be assessed due to the unavailability of data.; The thesis identifies barriers to the implementation of the preventive approaches and concludes that research into how to overcome these is worthwhile given the considerable throughput advantages and environmental advantages.
机译：本文确定并组织了预防工程和商业方法，这些方法声称可以将商业利益与环境可持续性融合在一起。然后，根据其吞吐量优势和环境优势，评估两种具有最大预期环境效益的预防方法-销售服务而不是产品和产品回收-。产品回收的方法可以分为公司可以考虑的两个工程和业务选择：（1a）用原始资源制造材料或（1b）用回收材料制造材料，以及（2a）用原始材料制造组件或（ 2b）用从拆卸，磨损的产品中回收的组件进行再制造。比较两组选择中的选项a（常规方法）和b（替代方法）。对三种材料：铝，钢和塑料进行了选项1a和1b的比较分析。它包括提供生命周期清单，这些清单根据文献中的数据指示每个选项中涉及的物质和能量的吞吐量。由于吞吐量的优势（较低的废物处理和处置成本，较少的非销售产品流经设施，从而降低了资金，维护和能源成本，并降低了风险），具有较低吞吐量的选项可能会降低成本。生命周期清单用于计算环境影响指标。这些指标衡量了对特定环境问题的贡献。通常，发现选项1b比选项1a具有吞吐量优势和环境优势。选项2a和2b之间的比较是通过对德国报废车辆，施乐复印机和IBM计算机的案例研究进行的。这里的数据是有限且分散的，但是表明吞吐量优势和环境优势是相当大的。由于数据的缺乏，无法评估通过销售服务而不是产品所预期的额外收益，这超出了产品回收方法所能预期的收益。本文确定了实施预防方法的障碍，并得出结论，鉴于相当大的生产量优势和环境优势，研究如何克服这些障碍是值得的。

著录项

  • 作者

    Nakajima, Nina.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Toronto (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Toronto (Canada).;
  • 学科 Engineering General.; Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 338 p.
  • 总页数 338
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 工程基础科学;环境科学基础理论;
  • 关键词

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