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Are we missing the forest for the trees?: Quantifying the maintenance of diversity in temperate deciduous forests.

机译：我们是否为树木而错过森林？：量化温带落叶林多样性的维持。

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摘要

One of the most pressing questions of community ecology is: Why do we have so many species? Over 100 hypotheses have been proposed to answer this question for woody plants over the past 70 years, yet there remains no consensus among community ecologists. In this dissertation, I explore the evidence supporting several different hypotheses (Chapter 1). I provide evidence that negative density dependence, where individuals perform poorly near members of their own species, may only be relevant for canopy tree species (Chapter 2). Understory species do not demonstrate negative density dependence while canopy trees demonstrate negative density dependence that increases with plant size as predicted.;Furthermore, I examine the effect that disturbance and herbivory by large vertebrate herbivores have on negative density dependence in a fully-factorial experiment. I found that disturbance overrides negative density dependence and enhances diversity by 60% while herbivory strengthens negative density dependence (Chapter 3). These findings suggest that even where negative density dependence is present, it is modulated by disturbance.;I also explore the life-history strategies that determine the interplay between these mechanisms. Shade-tolerance, an important life history trade-off spectrum in temperate plants, did not significantly influence which mechanisms were relevant for diversity maintenance. Conversely, whether a plant was in the canopy or in the understory, a coarse metric that combines many trade-off spectra, was a good predictor of both the strength of negative density dependence and the effect of disturbance (Chapter 4). Understory plants demonstrated strong spatial clustering while canopy trees demonstrated strong negative density dependence. Disturbance randomized the spatial patterns of both understory and canopy plants.
机译：社区生态学最紧迫的问题之一是：为什么我们有这么多物种？在过去的70年中，已经提出了100多个假设来回答木本植物的这个问题，但社区生态学家之间尚未达成共识。在本文中，我探索了支持几种不同假设的证据（第1章）。我提供的证据表明，负密度依赖性（个体在其自己物种的成员附近表现较差）可能仅与冠层树种有关（第2章）。林下物种没有表现出负密度依赖性，而冠层树木却表现出负密度密度依赖性，该密度随植物大小的增加而增加。；此外，我在一个全因子实验中检验了大型脊椎动物食草动物的干扰和食草对负密度密度依赖性的影响。我发现扰动可以克服负密度依赖性，并能使多样性增加60％，而食草性则可以增强负密度依赖性（第3章）。这些发现表明，即使存在负密度依赖性，它也会受到干扰的调节。；我还探讨了决定这些机制之间相互作用的生命史策略。耐荫性是温带植物重要的生活史权衡范围，并没有显着影响哪些机制与多样性维持相关。相反，无论植物是在冠层还是在林下，结合许多权衡光谱的粗略度量标准都可以很好地预测负密度依赖性的强度和干扰的影响（第4章）。地下植物表现出强烈的空间聚类性，而冠层树木表现出强烈的负密度依赖性。干扰使林下植物和冠层植物的空间格局随机化。

著录项

  • 作者

    Barry, Kathryn E.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee.;
  • 学科 Ecology.;Biostatistics.;Biology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 149 p.
  • 总页数 149
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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