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首页> 外文学位 >Synthetic hexaploid wheat contributes favorable alleles for yield and yield components in an advanced backcross winter wheat population.
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Synthetic hexaploid wheat contributes favorable alleles for yield and yield components in an advanced backcross winter wheat population.

机译：合成六倍体小麦在回交小麦冬小麦群体中为产量和产量构成贡献了有利的等位基因。

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摘要

A population of 188 BC2F2 and BC2F2-derived lines developed from a cross between the Colorado winter wheat cultivar 'Ankor' (recurrent parent) and the CIMMYT synthetic-derived spring wheat line 'Sokoll' was grown in replicated field trials in Fort Collins (2007 and 2008) and Greeley (2009) Colorado.;Moisture stress affected grain yield in side-by-side wet and dry treatments. The 2008 dry trial in Fort Collins experienced a 14.7% reduction in grain yield, the 2009 Greeley field trials experienced a 23.2% yield reduction, and the 2011 dry trial experienced an 18.1% yield reduction. Grain yield, biomass, and kernel characteristics (average kernel number, total spike number, and total kernel number) generally had higher mean values under wet compared to dry treatments in the different growing seasons. Test weight and average kernel weight had higher values in the wet treatments in two of three locations where there were side-by-side treatments, and spike: stem ratios had higher mean values under the dry than the wet treatment in 2011. A range of moderate to high heritability estimates for grain yield, test weight, and days to heading indicates much of the expression of these traits is genetically controlled. Heritability estimates were low to moderate for grain fill duration, plant height, and average kernel weight, indicating that environmental variation for these traits was more important than genetic variation. Heritability values were generally higher in wet than dry environments. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed positive and consistent correlations between grain yield and important yield components.;Forty-one linkage groups spanning 1414.4 cM and covering parts of all 21 chromosomes were constructed from 141 microsatellite markers and three gene-specific markers (Ppd-D1, Glu-A1, and Glu-D1) in an F2 mapping population developed from the same cross. Seventy-six of these markers were genotyped in the BC2F 2:3 lines. The population varied for the proportion of lines carrying Sokoll alleles at these markers, from 10.0 to 47.1%, with an average of 24.7%. Single-factor QTL analysis was used to detect significant (P≤0.01) markers, the size of their effects, and the source of favorable alleles. A total of 88 QTL were identified in the BC2F2-derived population. Individually, the QTL explained from 3.6 to 14.6% of the phenotypic variation. Sokoll contributed the favorable allele for 34 (38.6%) QTL (mostly on the A and B genomes), while Ankor contributed the favorable allele for 54 (61.4%) QTL. The Sokoll allele added a 235 kg/ha phenotypic effect at a QTL for grain yield located on chromosome 6B. Regions on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 5D, 7A, and 7B contained QTL for multiple traits. This co-localization of QTL for multiple traits suggests that the effects may be due to pleiotropy.;Distribution of QTL was unbalanced between irrigation treatments; 68 QTL (71.6%) were detected under full irrigation and 27 QTL (28.4%) were identified under limited irrigation. In general, QTL for most of the traits were detected in both soil moisture levels. While some QTL were detected in two to three environments, most QTL were detected only in one environment. Other markers (e.g. Xgwm484, Xgwm499, and Xbarc108 ) were consistently detected for multiple traits and under both fully and partially irrigated treatments, indicating broad adaptability and potential use of these markers marker-assisted breeding.;Mean performance of high versus low yielding lines was compared for all traits in 2010 and 2011, when the lines were grown in larger plots with more accurate yield estimates. There were significant (P≤0.05) differences between high and low lines for traits such as grain yield, test weight, and total spike number. However, there was not a significant separation in high and low means for other traits such as plant height, spike length, biomass, and spike:stem ratio. Traits with differences between high and low lines help explain the basis of yield differences in this population. The hypothesis that biomass was a good predictor of yield was confirmed in the Dailey 2010 and Fort Collins 2011 dry and wet environments, and the hypothesis that the spike: stem ratio was a good predictor of yield was rejected in all environments and at multiple growth stages in 2010 and 2011. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：在科林斯堡进行的重复田间试验（2007年）中，从科罗拉多州冬小麦品种“ Ankor”（后代）与CIMMYT合成春小麦品系“ Sokoll”的杂交中获得了188个BC2F2和BC2F2品系。 （2008年和2008年）和格里利（2009年）在科罗拉多州。水分胁迫在并列的湿法和干法处理中影响谷物产量。 2008年在柯林斯堡进行的干燥试验使谷物单产降低了14.7％，2009年的格里利田间试验使产量降低了23.2％，2011年的干燥试验使单产降低了18.1％。与不同生长季节的干法处理相比，湿法下的谷物产量，生物量和籽粒特性（平均籽粒数，总穗数和总籽粒数）通常具有较高的平均值。在2011年，在并列处理的三个位置中，有两个位置的湿重处理中，测试重量和平均粒重具有较高的值，而干时，穗干茎比的平均值高于湿处理。对谷物产量，容重和抽穗天数的中等至高遗传力估计表明，这些性状的大部分表达是遗传控制的。对于籽粒灌浆持续时间，株高和平均粒重，遗传力估计值低至中等，表明这些性状的环境变异比遗传变异更为重要。在潮湿环境中的遗传力值通常高于干燥环境。皮尔逊相关系数揭示了谷物产量与重要产量成分之间的正相关和一致的相关性; 141个微卫星标记和3个基因特异性标记（Ppd-D1，Glu）构成了1414.4 cM的覆盖所有21条染色体的41个连锁群F2作图种群中的-A1和Glu-D1）是从同一杂交中得到的。这些标记中的76种在BC2F 2：3系中进行了基因分型。在这些标记处携带Sokoll等位基因的品系比例从10.0到47.1％不等，平均为24.7％。使用单因素QTL分析来检测重要的（P≤0.01）标记，其作用大小以及有利的等位基因来源。在BC2F2来源的人群中共鉴定出88个QTL。 QTL分别解释了表型变异的3.6％至14.6％。 Sokoll对34个（38.6％）QTL贡献了有利的等位基因（主要在A和B基因组上），而Ankor对54个（61.4％）QTL贡献了有利的等位基因。 Sokoll等位基因在QTL上增加了235 kg / ha的表型效应，位于6B号染色体上。染色体1A，1B，2A，2B，2D，3A，4B，5A，5B，5D，7A和7B上的区域包含多个性状的QTL。 QTL在多个性状上的共定位表明，其影响可能是由于多效性所致。灌溉处理之间QTL的分布不平衡；在完全灌溉下检测到68个QTL（71.6％），在有限灌溉下检测到27个QTL（28.4％）。通常，在两个土壤水分含量中都检测到了大多数性状的QTL。虽然在两到三个环境中检测到一些QTL，但大多数QTL仅在一个环境中检测到。始终检测到多种性状并在完全和部分灌溉条件下均检测到其他标记（例如Xgwm484，Xgwm499和Xbarc108），表明这些标记在标记辅助育种中具有广泛的适应性和潜在用途。高产和低产系的平均表现为比较2010年和2011年的所有性状，当时将品系种植在更大的地块上，产量估算更加准确。高低线之间的性状（如籽粒产量，容重和总穗数）存在显着（P≤0.05）差异。但是，对于其他性状，如株高，穗长，生物量和穗干比，在高低手段上没有明显的分离。高线和低线之间存在差异的特征有助于解释该种群产量差异的基础。在Dailey 2010和Fort Collins 2011的干燥和潮湿环境中都证实了生物量可以很好地预测产量的假设，而在所有环境中以及多个生育阶段，穗状茎比都可以很好地预测产量的假设被拒绝了。在2010年和2011年。（UMI缩短了摘要）。

著录项

  • 作者

    Pranger, Anna Leigh.;

  • 作者单位

    Colorado State University.;

  • 授予单位 Colorado State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.;Biology Botany.;Agriculture Plant Culture.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 212 p.
  • 总页数 212
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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