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Relationships between runoff, land cover and climate in the semi-arid intermountain region of the western U.S.A.

机译：美国西部半干旱山间地区径流，土地覆盖与气候之间的关系

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摘要

Land cover and climate change with their associated impacts on runoff are among the pressing areas of research within the western United States. In the first paper of this dissertation, we identified a total of 39 watersheds draining to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow gauges, chosen either from the USGS Hydroclimatic Climatic Data Network of gauges that are minimally impacted by anthropogenic alterations, or because they have long, relatively continuous streamflow records and are representative of large areas within the study region in Utah. In each of these watersheds we examined trends in precipitation, temperature, snow, streamflow and runoff ratio as well as land use and land cover information. In addition, we developed a water balance model to quantify the sensitivity of runoff to changes in vegetation based on differences in evapotranspiration from different land cover types.;The second paper addressed runoff sensitivity to land cover changes in a spatially explicit way by performing detailed simulations using a Regional Hydro Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys) model applied to the Weber River near Oakley watershed (USGS gauge ;The last paper examined the sensitivity of the Great Salt Lake level to changes in streamflow input or changes in climate that manifest as changes in air temperatures over the lake. We quantified this sensitivity by examining an elasticity measure defined as the ratio of the variability of streamflow, precipitation, evaporation, area and salinity to the variability in historic volume changes. We also developed a mass balance model to simulate lake level and volume driven by stochastic precipitation, streamflow and climate inputs. We showed that fluctuation in streamflow is the dominant factor in lake level fluctuations, but that fluctuations in lake area, which modulates evaporation and precipitation directly on the lake, are also important.
机译：土地覆盖和气候变化及其对径流的影响是美国西部研究的紧迫领域。在本论文的第一篇论文中，我们确定了总共39个流向美国地质调查局（USGS）流量表的流域，这些流域是从USGS水文气候数据网络中选择的，这些数据表受到人为因素影响最小，或者因为它们存在时间长，是相对连续的流量记录，代表了犹他州研究区域内的大片区域。在每个流域中，我们研究了降水，温度，降雪，水流量和径流比以及土地利用和土地覆盖信息的趋势。此外，我们开发了一种水平衡模型，根据不同土地覆盖类型的蒸散量的差异来量化径流对植被变化的敏感性。;第二篇论文通过执行详细的模拟以空间明确的方式解决了径流对土地覆盖变化的敏感性使用区域水生态模拟系统（RHESSys）模型应用于奥克利流域附近的韦伯河（USGS规格）;最后一篇论文研究了大盐湖水位对流量输入变化或气候变化（以空气变化表示）的敏感性我们通过检查弹性度量来量化这种敏感性，该弹性度量定义为流量，降水，蒸发，面积和盐度的变化与历史体积变化的变化之比，还开发了质量平衡模型来模拟湖泊水位由随机降水，水流和气候输入驱动的数量和体积。流量的波动是影响湖泊水位波动的主要因素，但直接调节湖泊上的蒸发和降水的湖泊面积波动也很重要。

著录项

  • 作者

    Mohammed, Ibrahim Nourein.;

  • 作者单位

    Utah State University.;

  • 授予单位 Utah State University.;
  • 学科 Hydrology.;Engineering Civil.;Water Resource Management.;Climate Change.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 306 p.
  • 总页数 306
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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