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A framework for hazard assessment using an ecological indicator approach: Freshwater wetland impact, recovery and resilience in southwest Louisiana.

机译：使用生态指标方法进行危害评估的框架：路易斯安那州西南部的淡水湿地影响，恢复和复原力。

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摘要

Analyzing salinity intrusion and vegetation dynamics inside a patchwork of freshwater and wetlands is a great challenge. They are difficult to access and measure. It is important to be able to understand the characteristics and ecosystem dynamics of the area affected before, during, and after an extreme event of salt water intrusion, in this case, the surge of Hurricane Rita of 2005 and the surge of Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in 2008. The study was carried out in an area of Vermillion Parish called Grophes Island, consisting mostly of wetlands, focusing specifically on freshwater vegetation. Development of a causal map is driven by specific parameters to assist in understanding the interactions of ecosystem dynamics. Ecosystem resilience to salinity intrusion can be measured by local salinity measurements in the field and by remotely sensed imagery for vegetation activity, here Gross Primary production (GPP). By using signal processing techniques from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors one can validate the local measurements. Using targeted points in the freshwater wetlands in the study area one can also use this technique and apply it to a larger scale.;The first part of this research examines the history of hurricanes to determine if a correlation exists between the increase in water salinity levels and the occurrence of hurricanes or tropical storms. This requires a historical analysis of hurricanes and salinity measurements in southwest Louisiana. Times series analysis is used to study the variance of data in the time domain. The Mermentau Basin Salinity Monitoring sites, operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), operate over 50 gauges throughout southwest Louisiana collecting water temperature and salinity measurements. Salinity measurements are in parts per thousand (ppt). These sites are located from the Corps lock structure at Leland Bowman, along the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW) to Grand Lake, and West to the Corps Calcasieu lock structure. The monitoring stations from Vermillion Parish located in Schooner Bayou will be utilized. Of the thirty-three gauges located within Schooner Bayou, only three gauges were found to have data on a daily basis for the time period 2001-2010: sites S2, S3, and B1a. While not 100% complete, these three sites were 80-95% complete while other were missing almost 80% of data. In Part II of this dissertation, a dynamic framework is established to show the relationships, causalities, influences, and interactions of some of the variables involved in understanding the dynamics of the freshwater ecosystem and salinity intrusion. Insights from the development of this conceptual framework will better enable future assessments of extreme impacts on salinity intrusion. Further, the framework will be used to demonstrate how the protection and restoration of wetlands is important to protecting inland areas from storm surge and salinity intrusion. Part III examines remote sensing as a tool for validating the results of the time series analysis. Remote sensing is an advantageous source for studying the temporal and spatial effects of storm surge and spatial patterns of vegetation. Remote sensing has the ability to be utilized in disaster recovery to monitor changes in flood duration and vegetation changes due to storm surge inundation. A database was built by integrating Terra MODIS GPP time series (2001-2010), a salinity-monitoring network, and precipitation data.;This approach is an improvement to the study of freshwater wetland vegetation salinity resilience for larger inaccessible areas. This study reveals that MODIS GPP imagery validates local ground measurements and the GPP signal can be suited to monitor vegetation changes before, during, and after salinity intrusion from a hurricane event.
机译：分析淡水和湿地错落有致的盐分入侵和植被动态是一个巨大的挑战。它们难以访问和度量。重要的是要能够了解盐水入侵极端事件之前，之中和之后受影响地区的特征和生态系统动态，在这种情况下，包括2005年的丽塔飓风潮以及古斯塔夫和艾克飓风的潮汐该研究于2008年进行。该研究在名为Grophes岛的朱红色教区进行，该地区主要由湿地组成，专门研究淡水植被。因果图的制定是由特定参数驱动的，以帮助理解生态系统动力学的相互作用。生态系统对盐分入侵的恢复能力可以通过现场的局部盐度测量和植被活动的遥感图像来衡量，此处为初级生产总值（GPP）。通过使用中等分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）传感器的信号处理技术，可以验证本地测量。在研究区域的淡水湿地中使用目标点，也可以使用这项技术并将其应用到更大的范围。本研究的第一部分研究飓风的历史，以确定水盐度水平的增加之间是否存在相关性以及飓风或热带风暴的发生。这需要对路易斯安那州西南部飓风和盐度测量值进行历史分析。时间序列分析用于研究时域中数据的方差。由美国陆军工程兵团（USACE）运营的Mermentau盆地盐度监测站点在整个路易斯安那州西南部运行着50多个仪表，收集水温和盐度测量值。盐度测量单位为千分之几（ppt）。这些地点位于利兰德·鲍曼（Leland Bowman）的军团锁定结构，海湾内陆航道（GIWW）到大湖（Grand Lake），西至军团Calcasieu锁定结构。将使用位于Schooner Bayou的Vermillion Parish的监视站。在Schooner Bayou内的33个量规中，仅发现三个量规的2001-2010年期间每天有数据：站点S2，S3和B1a。尽管这三个站点还没有100％完成，但它们完成了80-95％，而其他站点则丢失了近80％的数据。在本论文的第二部分中，建立了一个动态框架来显示与理解淡水生态系统和盐分入侵动力学有关的某些变量之间的关系，因果关系，影响和相互作用。从这个概念框架的发展中获得的见识将更好地使将来能够评估对盐度入侵的极端影响。此外，该框架将用于说明湿地的保护和恢复对保护内陆地区免受风暴潮和盐分入侵的重要性。第三部分将遥感作为验证时间序列分析结果的工具。遥感是研究风暴潮和植被空间格局的时空效应的有利资源。遥感具有在灾难恢复中使用的能力，可以监视洪水持续时间的变化以及由于风暴潮泛滥而造成的植被变化。通过集成Terra MODIS GPP时间序列（2001-2010），盐分监测网络和降水数据建立了数据库;该方法是对较大的不可访问区域的淡水湿地植被盐分复原力研究的一种改进。这项研究表明，MODIS GPP影像可以验证本地地面测量结果，并且GPP信号可以适合于监测飓风造成的盐度入侵之前，之中和之后的植被变化。

著录项

  • 作者

    Roussie, Suzanne M.;

  • 作者单位

    State University of New York at Buffalo.;

  • 授予单位 State University of New York at Buffalo.;
  • 学科 Geography.;Water Resource Management.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 157 p.
  • 总页数 157
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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