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Rapid seismic vulnerability assessment of school buildings in Quebec.

机译：快速评估魁北克学校建筑的地震脆弱性。

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摘要

The seismic performance of schools deserves special attention because of their unique occupancy characteristics and important post-earthquake role. Past experience has shown that school buildings are especially vulnerable to earthquakes; they are often irregular structures, and most of them were designed and built prior to the introduction of modern building codes that adequately address earthquake-resistant design and seismic hazard. This research addresses the concerns related to school earthquake safety for the province of Québec by developing a seismic screening method for the evaluation of the public school buildings.;Rapid visual screening methods are intended to be coarse screening procedures requiring little resources and time per building. The adapted seismic screening method that was developed is a score assignment procedure, with the final score dependant on the seismicity, lateral load resisting system type, building height, construction year, potential structural deficiencies (horizontal and vertical irregularities, deterioration and short concrete columns), potential for pounding and local soil conditions. Scores are calculated based on the capacity spectrum method, a nonlinear static analysis procedure. The methodology is inspired by the Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Hazard (FEMA154) procedure, which has been adapted and enhanced to serve as a screening tool for schools in Québec. It reflects these building’s specific characteristics and takes into consideration the province’s seismicity as stipulated in the 2010 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBC).;The method is grounded on the extensive characterization of 101 individual school buildings, pertaining to 16 different school sites. These schools are designated as post-critical shelters and a secondary objective was to assess whether they can achieve this function in case of a design-level earthquake. Schools were characterized by site visits, study of building plans, and consultation of the city’s microzonation map. Furthermore, an ambitious experimental program sought to determine the dynamic properties of all buildings and the characterization of the local soil conditions through ambient vibration measurements (AVM). Finally, a comprehensive inventory of unreinforced heavy masonry partition walls was made. From the collected information general characteristics of schools could be established, which were corroborated by an extensive literature review. AVM records on buildings permitted an assessment of some of the generic capacity curves used for the calculation of the scores by comparing their elastic range to the experimental fundamental frequencies. Local soil conditions determined from AVM where in good agreement with other sources of information. The experimental procedure was also found to be simple enough so its application is feasible in a rapid seismic screening context.;The application of the screening method to the sample of schools classified 18 buildings as having a very high, 18 a high, 44 a moderate and 21 a low priority for future intervention. This information, together with average scores per school site, determines which sites are more likely to be adequate as post-earthquake shelters. A more detailed analysis of the results and comparison with two relevant existing rapid seismic screening methods (FEMA154 and the Manual for Screening of Buildings for Seismic Investigation, NRC92) clearly highlight some advantages of the developed method. Analysis of the scores’ variances confirms that most of the evaluated parameters are significantly influential in the final scores. In particular, the classification of the structural weaknesses and the potential for pounding according to their severity proved effective to differentiate the buildings, something that was sought when developing the method because of the high incidence of these parameters in schools and because these are not properly considered in existing methods.
机译：学校的抗震性能因其独特的占用特性和重要的震后作用值得特别关注。过去的经验表明，学校建筑特别容易受到地震的影响；它们通常是不规则的结构，其中大多数是在引入现代建筑规范之前设计和建造的，这些规范充分解决了抗震设计和地震危险。这项研究通过开发用于评估公立学校建筑的地震筛查方法来解决魁北克省与学校地震安全有关的问题;快速目视筛查旨在作为粗略的筛查程序，每个建筑物几乎不需要资源和时间。所开发的适应性地震筛选方法是分数分配程序，最终分数取决于地震强度，抗侧向载荷系统类型，建筑物高度，施工年份，潜在的结构缺陷（水平和垂直不规则，劣化和短混凝土柱） ，潜在的撞击和当地土壤状况。分数是根据容量谱方法（一种非线性静态分析程序）计算的。该方法的灵感来自对建筑物进行潜在视觉危险的快速视觉筛查（FEMA154）程序，该程序已得到改进和增强，可以用作魁北克省学校的筛查工具。它反映了这些建筑物的特定特征，并考虑了2010年版的《加拿大国家建筑物规范》（NBC）规定的全省抗震性。该方法基于对101所单独的学校建筑物的广泛表征，涉及16所不同的学校网站。这些学校被指定为重要的避难所，其次要目标是评估在发生设计级地震时它们是否能够实现这一功能。学校的特点是实地考察，研究建筑计划并咨询城市的微区地图。此外，一项雄心勃勃的实验程序试图通过环境振动测量（AVM）来确定所有建筑物的动态特性以及当地土壤状况的特征。最后，对未加固的重型砖石隔墙进行了全面的清点。从收集到的信息中，可以确定学校的一般特征，广泛的文献综述证实了这一点。通过在建筑物上进行AVM记录，可以将其弹性范围与实验基本频率进行比较，从而评估一些用于计算分数的通用容量曲线。由AVM确定的当地土壤条件与其他信息源高度吻合。实验程序也很简单，因此在快速地震筛查中是可行的。筛查方法在学校样本中的应用将18座建筑物分为极高，18极，44极和中等21是未来干预的低优先级。该信息以及每个学校站点的平均分数，确定了哪些站点更适合作为震后避难所。对结果进行更详细的分析，并与两种相关的现有快速地震筛查方法（FEMA154和《地震勘测建筑物筛查手册》，NRC92）进行比较，清楚地凸显了该方法的一些优势。对分数方差的分析证实，大多数评估参数对最终分数有显着影响。特别是，对结构性弱点的分类以及根据其严重性进行敲击的可能性被证明可以有效区分建筑物，这是在开发此方法时要寻求的东西，因为这些参数在学校中的发生率很高，而且没有适当考虑在现有方法中。

著录项

  • 作者

    Tischer, Helene.;

  • 作者单位

    McGill University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 McGill University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 258 p.
  • 总页数 258
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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