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Effect of water deficit and soil-applied potassium on partitioning and the efficiency of foliar-applied potassium in cotton.

机译：水分亏缺和土壤施钾对棉花分配及叶面施用钾效率的影响。

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摘要

Information has been lacking about whether K deficiency, water-deficit stress, and foliar-applied K interact to affect K partitioning, physiological processes, and growth in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), which are integral to the development of seedcotton yield and fiber quality. It was hypothesized that reported inconsistent yield responses to soil- and foliar-applied K fertilizers could be related to water-deficit stress, which affects physiological processes, partitioning of K, and plant growth. Field studies were conducted in 1999--2002 using eight treatment combinations of well-watered or dryland conditions, high or low soil K, and with or without foliar-applied K arranged in a split-split plot design with five to six replications.;Across site-years, lint yield increased 6.2% due to soil-applied K under irrigated conditions but no increase was observed under dryland conditions. Across site-years, foliar-applied K increased lint yield most under low soil-K (5.1%) and under dryland (7.3%) conditions. Foliar-applied K increased lint yield primarily by increasing the weight of bolls, particularly in dryland plots. Foliar-applied K increased the number of seeds per hectare; however, the response was not affected by water-deficit stress. Climatic variation between seasons governed the degree to which lint yield and components of yield responded to water-deficit stress.;Soil-applied K and water-deficit stress did not consistently affect fiber quality. Fiber length and uniformity were increased by foliar-applied K irrespective of the soil K and water treatments. Water-deficit stress increased fiber micronaire but decreased fiber elongation response to foliar-applied K. Foliar-applied K increased low-canopy fiber elongation, mid-canopy fiber elongation and micronaire, and upper-canopy fiber elongation, and micronaire irrespective of the soil K and water levels. Soil-K level, water level and site-year factors regulated the response of low-canopy fiber strength, and upper-canopy fiber length to foliar-applied K. Soil-applied K increased low-canopy fiber elongation, mid-canopy fiber uniformity, and upper-canopy fiber uniformity irrespective of the water level. Observations across multiple site-years supported our hypothesis that the fiber quality response of cotton to soil and foliar-applied K fertilizers can be related to water-deficit stress in Arkansas.;Concentrations of glucose, fructose, and sucrose in leaves were reduced by foliar-applied K in low-soil K plots under water-deficit but not well-watered conditions. Foliar-applied K increased chlorophyll and ATP production in leaves irrespective of the water and soil-K treatments. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：缺乏关于缺钾，缺水胁迫和叶面施钾是否相互影响，影响棉花分配，生理过程和棉花（棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.））生长的信息，棉花是棉籽产量和纤维发育不可或缺的组成部分质量。据推测，据报道对土壤和叶面施用的钾肥产量反应不一致，可能与缺水胁迫有关，后者影响生理过程，钾素分配和植物生长。在1999--2002年进行了田间研究，使用了八种灌溉条件良好的土地或旱地条件，高或低土壤钾素，有或没有叶面喷施钾肥，以分块样地设计布置，重复五到六次。在整个立地年中，由于在灌溉条件下土壤施用钾肥，皮棉产量增加了6.2％，但在旱地条件下未观察到增产。在整个种植年中，在低钾水平（5.1％）和旱地（7.3％）条件下，叶面施用的钾肥最多增加了皮棉产量。叶面喷施钾肥主要是通过增加棉铃的重量来增加皮棉产量，特别是在旱地。叶面喷施钾肥可增加每公顷种子的数量。但是，该响应不受缺水胁迫的影响。季节之间的气候变化决定了皮棉产量和产量组成部分对缺水胁迫的响应程度。施加土壤的钾和缺水胁迫并不会持续影响纤维质量。叶面喷施钾肥可增加纤维长度和均匀度，而与土壤钾肥和水处理无关。缺水胁迫增加了纤维细小度，但降低了对叶面施钾的纤维伸长响应。叶面施钾提高了低冠层纤维伸长率，中冠层纤维伸长率和马克隆值以及上冠层纤维伸长率和马克隆值，与土壤无关钾和水位。土壤钾水平，水位和站点年因子调节了低冠层纤维强度和上冠层纤维长度对叶面施钾量的响应。土壤施钾增加了低冠层纤维伸长率，中冠层纤维均匀度，以及与水位无关的上冠层纤维均匀性。在多个站点年的观察结果支持了我们的假设，即棉花对土壤和叶面施用的钾肥的纤维质量响应可能与阿肯色州的缺水胁迫有关；叶面中葡萄糖，果糖和蔗糖的浓度降低了在缺水但灌溉条件不佳的低土壤钾肥田中施用钾肥。不论水和土壤钾素处理如何，叶面施用的钾素都能增加叶片的叶绿素和ATP产量。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

著录项

  • 作者

    Coker, Dennis L.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Arkansas.;

  • 授予单位 University of Arkansas.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.;Biology Plant Physiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 212 p.
  • 总页数 212
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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