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首页> 外文学位 >Paleodiets of bovids from Makapansgat Limeworks Cave, South Africa: Based on mesowear and microwear.
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Paleodiets of bovids from Makapansgat Limeworks Cave, South Africa: Based on mesowear and microwear.

机译：来自南非Makapansgat Limeworks Cave的牛的古生物：基于中磨和微磨。

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摘要

Paleontologists typically assume a relationship between environmental change and evolution. Such relationships are usually obscure, however, because of the difficulty in reconstructing past environments. Determination of the diet and/or habitat of taxa is one of the primary means of reconstructing past environments, and taxonomic uniformitarianism assumptions are commonly used. This method was recently tested by applying ecomorphology and stable carbon isotope analyses to seven extinct bovids from Makapansgat Limeworks Cave, a well known Plio-Pleistocene Australopithecus africanus bearing site in South Africa. Here, dental mesowear and microwear are applied to the same bovids to further refine their diet and habitat reconstructions.; With one exception, mesowear grouped the extinct taxa into the same dietary categories as stable carbon isotopes. Indeed, a close association between mesowear and stable carbon isotope results was expected since both methods are epigenetic and measure diet over an extended period of an animal's lifetime. Microwear separated an extant baseline of bovids into expected dietary categories. Extinct taxa clearly fell into two groups with the same degree of separation as the extant grazers and browsers. However, there appeared to be an "offset" in the data when compared to the extants. This offset may be due to an observer bias that excluded suspicious looking pit-like features. When a pit adjustment was applied to the fossil taxa, they all grouped into dietary categories that mirrored mesowear and isotopic results.; The five compared methods provide a temporal continuum, with genetic signals such as ecomorphology and taxonomic uniformitarianism indicating behavioral adaptations over long periods of time, stable carbon isotopes and mesowear reflecting different aspects of average diet over an animal's lifetime, and dental microwear providing dietary snapshots. This study showed that multiple epigenetic signals produce more reliable paleodietary reconstructions than genetic attributes or only one epigenetic signal. Multidisciplinary paleodietary studies, however, should include both epigenetic and genetic signals because such analyses can lead to a better understanding of the range of possible diets in lineages, the average paleodiets of taxa, and the types of habitats and paleoenvironments that organisms have inhabited through time.
机译：古生物学家通常假设环境变化与进化之间存在联系。但是，由于很难重建过去的环境，因此这种关系通常是模糊的。确定分类单元的饮食和/或栖息地是重建过去环境的主要手段之一，通常使用分类统一论假设。该方法最近通过对来自南非著名的上新世非洲古猿非洲产地Makapansgat Limeworks Cave的七个灭绝的牛科动物进行生态形态学和稳定的碳同位素分析而进行了测试。在这里，将中观磨损和微磨损应用于相同的牛肝，以进一步完善其饮食和栖息地重建。除一个例外，中型服装将灭绝的生物分类为与稳定碳同位素相同的饮食类别。实际上，由于这两种方法都是表观遗传的，并且可以在动物一生的较长时期内测量饮食，因此预期中消磨和稳定的碳同位素结果之间存在密切的联系。 Microwear将现有的牛肝菌基线分为预期的饮食类别。灭绝的分类群显然与现存的放牧者和浏览器具有相同的分离度。但是，与现存数据相比，数据似乎存在“偏移”。此偏移可能是由于观察者偏见而排除了可疑的凹坑状特征。当对化石分类群进行基坑调整时，它们都被归类为饮食类别，这反映了中观磨损和同位素结果。进行比较的五种方法提供了一个时间上的连续性，遗传信号如生态形态学和分类学均等主义表明了长时间的行为适应，稳定的碳同位素和中观磨损反映了动物一生中平均饮食的不同方面，而牙科微服则提供了饮食快照。这项研究表明，多个表观遗传信号比遗传属性或仅一个表观遗传信号产生更可靠的古生物重建。但是，多学科的古生物学研究应包括表观遗传和遗传信号，因为这样的分析可以使人们更好地了解血统中可能的饮食范围，分类单元的平均古生物学以及生物体随时间栖息的生境和古环境的类型。 。

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  • 作者

    Schubert, Blaine Wesley.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Arkansas.;

  • 授予单位 University of Arkansas.;
  • 学科 Paleoecology.; Paleontology.; Paleozoology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 192 p.
  • 总页数 192
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 古生物学;古生物学;古动物学;
  • 关键词

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