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Satellite remote sensing of aerosol direct radiative forcing over global oceans.

机译：卫星遥感全球海洋上的气溶胶直接辐射强迫。

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摘要

The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument on NASA's Terra satellite has been successfully used for examining the impact of clouds and aerosols on the earth-atmosphere system. In aerosol studies, in cloud free conditions, the differences in the CERES reflected shortwave (∼5m) fluxes without and with the presence of aerosols is a measure of the direct radiative forcing of aerosols (SWARF). However, the CERES instrument does not measure the shortwave fluxes directly and angular distribution models (ADMs) are needed to relate CERES observed radiances to fluxes.; A new empirical method for obtaining the shortwave aerosol ADM from CERES data over cloud-free oceans is developed as functions of near-surface ocean wind speed, Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth and the ratio of fine mode to total aerosol optical depth that is an indicator of aerosol type. Results show that a 10% uncertainty will be induced in the derived SWARF values over cloud free oceans if the ADMs are constructed without considering aerosol darkening effect over glint regions or without considering the variations in aerosol properties. Using this new ADM and ten months of observations from the MODIS and CERES, the SWARF is studied over the global oceans. The spatial and seasonal distributions of aerosol optical depth and the independently derived SWARF show a high degree of correlation. The instantaneous top of atmosphere SWARF during the satellite overpass time is -6.4 +/- 2.4 Wm-2. Accounting for sample biases and diurnal averaging we estimate the SWARF over cloud free oceans to be -5.2 +/- 1.2 Wm-2 that is consistent with previous studies. However our study requires no radiative transfer calculations to convert the retrieved aerosol optical thickness to SWARF values and is entirely a measurement-based assessment of aerosol radiative forcing.; Although this study was conducted over the global oceans, we also provide the framework for calculating aerosol radiative forcing over land using three sensors on NASA's Terra satellite using multi-angle, multi-spectral, and broadband CERES measurements. The results from this dissertation suggest that multiple satellite sensors are required to reduce uncertainties in climate forcing studies.
机译：NASA Terra卫星上的云和地球辐射能系统（CERES）仪器已成功用于检查云和气溶胶对地球大气系统的影响。在气溶胶研究中，在无云的条件下，有无气溶胶存在时，CERES反射短波（〜5m）通量的差异是气溶胶直接辐射强迫（SWARF）的量度。但是，CERES仪器不能直接测量短波通量，需要使用角分布模型（ADM）将CERES观测到的辐射与通量联系起来。根据近地表海洋风速，中分辨率成像光谱辐射计（MODIS）气溶胶光学深度以及精细模式与总气溶胶光学比的函数，开发了一种新的经验方法，该方法可从CERES数据获取无云海洋短波气溶胶ADM。指示气溶胶类型的深度。结果表明，如果构建ADM时不考虑闪烁区域的气溶胶暗化效应或不考虑气溶胶特性的变化，那么在无云的海洋中，得出的SWARF值将引起10％的不确定性。使用这种新的ADM以及来自MODIS和CERES的十个月观测，对SWARF进行了全球海洋研究。气溶胶光学深度的空间和季节分布与独立导出的SWARF表现出高度的相关性。卫星越过时间内，大气SWARF的瞬时最高值是-6.4 +/- 2.4 Wm-2。考虑到样本偏差和日均值，我们估计无云海洋上的SWARF为-5.2 +/- 1.2 Wm-2，与先前的研究一致。但是，我们的研究不需要进行辐射转移计算就可以将获取的气溶胶光学厚度转换为SWARF值，并且完全是基于测量的气溶胶辐射强迫评估。尽管这项研究是在全球海洋上进行的，但我们还提供了使用多角度，多光谱和宽带CERES测量结果，使用NASA Terra卫星上的三个传感器计算陆地上气溶胶辐射强迫的框架。本文的结果表明，需要多个卫星传感器来减少气候强迫研究的不确定性。

著录项

  • 作者

    Zhang, Jianglong.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Alabama in Huntsville.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Alabama in Huntsville.;
  • 学科 Physics Atmospheric Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 101 p.
  • 总页数 101
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 大气科学（气象学）;
  • 关键词

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