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The effects of major depression on the verbal learning and memory performance of elderly outpatients on the California Verbal Learning Test.

机译：在加利福尼亚语言学习测试中，严重抑郁症对老年门诊患者的语言学习和记忆能力的影响。

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The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) is a widely used measure of verbal learning and memory; however, there is little empirical evidence about the effects of major depression on the learning and memory performance of older depressed outpatients on the CVLT. The present study compared the learning and memory performance of 53 outpatients with unipolar major depression and 60 nondepressed control participants on 11 variables of the CVLT: (1) List A, Trials 1--5, (2) Short-Delay Free Recall, (3) Short-Delay Cued Recall, (4) Long-Delay Free Recall, (5) Long-Delay Cued Recall, (6) List B versus List A Trial 1 Recall, (7) Short-Delay Free Recall versus List A Trial 5 Recall, (8) Semantic Cluster Ratio, (9) Serial Cluster Ratio, and (10) Learning Slope, and (11) Recognition. The results of this study indicated that late-life depression did have a significant effect on overall verbal learning for elderly outpatients. In addition, this study provided evidence suggesting impairments in encoding for the depressed group, as evidenced by significantly lower scores on long-delay recall and recognition. This study did not reveal any significant proactive or retroactive interference, indicating that there are minimal effects of depression on storage of information. The data also indicated that older depressed individuals used semantic clustering, a type of active learning strategy, less frequently than control participants. The study contributed to the existing body of literature on late-life depression and memory by concluding that moderately depressed elderly outpatients display an identifiable pattern of explicit verbal learning and memory deficits. The strengths and limitations of this study were addressed. The clinical implications of these findings, as well as directions for future research in this area are also discussed.
机译：加州语言学习测验（CVLT）是广泛使用的语言学习和记忆量度；然而，关于严重抑郁对CVLT上较老的抑郁门诊患者的学习和记忆表现的影响的经验证据很少。本研究在CVLT的11个变量上比较了53名单相严重抑郁症的门诊患者和60名非抑郁对照者的学习和记忆表现：（1）列表A，试验1--5，（2）短时免费回忆，（ 3）短时提示调用，（4）长时提示免费调用，（5）长时提示调用，（6）列表B与列表A的试验1调用，（7）短时免费调用与列表A的试验5回忆，（8）语义聚类比率，（9）串行聚类比率，（10）学习斜率，以及（11）识别。这项研究的结果表明，晚年抑郁症确实对老年门诊患者的整体口头学习有重大影响。此外，这项研究提供了证据表明抑郁症组的编码存在障碍，长期延迟的回忆和识别得分明显较低。这项研究没有发现任何明显的前瞻性或追溯性干扰，表明抑郁症对信息存储的影响很小。数据还表明，较沮丧的个体使用语义聚类（一种主动学习策略）的频率低于对照组。该研究得出结论，中度抑郁的老年门诊患者表现出明显的言语学习和记忆障碍的可识别模式，从而为现存的关于晚年生活的抑郁和记忆的文献做出了贡献。解决了这项研究的优势和局限性。还讨论了这些发现的临床意义以及该领域未来研究的方向。

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