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Etude experimentale de l'initiation de la rupture des digues en enrochement par surverse.

机译：溢流引发堆石坝破裂的试验研究。

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摘要

Rockfill is the most abundant building material. It is often used for water retention under different contexts, such as dams, embankments or drainage systems. Climate change may cause water level rising in reservoirs. As rockfill structures are not able to resist strong overtopping flow, rising water levels will constitute a danger for rockfill dam stability as well as for people living nearby. This work aimed the development of an empirical formula that allows calculation of critical water level of overflow at the crest from dam geometrical and physical parameters. Since rockfill is a highly permeable material where flow regime is usually turbulent, the common Darcy's relationship cannot be applied to estimate flow rate through it. Therefore, it was necessary to investigate the hydraulic phenomena in a laboratory dam model to accurately estimate flow rate through rockfill.;To achieve these objectives, during the first part of this work, several experimental tests on a rockfill dam model with impervious core were conducted in the hydraulic channel of the hydro-environmental laboratory at the Ecole Polytechnique of Montreal. The purpose of these tests was to study the initiation of riprap failure under the influence of different variables, such as rock size, riprap bank downstream side slope and bed slope. Results showed linear trends between critical water level and both downstream side slope and bed slope. Also, a power trend was observed between critical level and riprap grain size. The formula to calculate the critical water level of overtopping was developed from these results.;In a second step, a literature review aimed at analyzing the empirical relationships commonly used to characterize the nonlinear relationship between bulk velocity and hydraulic gradient. These relationships are essential to determine the infiltration rate corresponding to the net flows passing through the dam. These empirical relationships contain parameters characterizing the embankment material, such as mean hydraulic radius, porosity and particle size. To choose a suitable relationship to describe the flow through the experimental dam, two types of permeability tests were performed. The first one is a unidirectional flow test through rockfill in a permeameter, while the second test is based on the analysis of bidirectional flow through the experimental dam with an impervious core constructed with the same rocks. Consistency between the measured values and those calculated by the Wilkins's relation has justified the use of his empirical relationship to estimate the seepage rate through the embankment. Once the overtopping occurred, the overflow rate was calculated using the relation of flow passing over a weir.
机译：堆石料是最丰富的建筑材料。它通常用于不同环境下的保水，例如水坝，堤防或排水系统。气候变化可能导致水库水位上升。由于堆石结构无法抵抗强大的越过顶流，因此水位上升将对堆石坝和附近居民构成威胁。这项工作旨在开发一个经验公式，该公式可以根据大坝的几何和物理参数计算出波峰的临界水位。由于堆石料是一种高渗透性的材料，其流动状态通常是湍流的，因此无法使用常见的达西关系来估算通过它的流速。因此，有必要研究实验室大坝模型中的水力现象，以准确估算通过堆石场的流量。为了实现这些目标，在本研究的第一部分中，对不透水岩心的堆石坝模型进行了几次实验测试在蒙特利尔的Ecole Polytechnique的水环境实验室的液压通道中。这些测试的目的是研究在不同变量（例如岩石大小，河岸下游侧坡和河床坡度）影响下的河岸破坏的引发。结果表明临界水位与下游侧坡和河床坡度之间呈线性趋势。另外，在临界水平和碎石粒度之间观察到功率趋势。从这些结果得出了计算临界水位的公式。第二步，文献综述旨在分析通常用来表征体速度和水力梯度之间非线性关系的经验关系。这些关系对于确定与穿过大坝的净流量相对应的渗透率至关重要。这些经验关系包含表征路堤材料的参数，例如平均水力半径，孔隙率和粒径。为了选择合适的关系来描述通过实验坝的流量，进行了两种类型的渗透性测试。第一个是在渗透仪中通过堆石的单向流动试验，而第二个试验是基于分析通过具有相同岩石构造的不透水岩心的实验大坝的双向流动的分析。测量值与威尔金斯关系计算得出的值之间的一致性证明了使用他的经验关系来估算路堤的渗透率是合理的。一旦发生过顶，就使用通过堰的流量关系来计算溢流率。

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  • 作者

    Javadi, Nasrin.;

  • 作者单位

    Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Civil engineering.
  • 学位 M.Sc.A.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 139 p.
  • 总页数 139
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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