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首页> 外文学位 >Landscape development and the evidence for early human occupation in the inter-Andean tropical lowlands of the Magdalena River, Colombia.
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Landscape development and the evidence for early human occupation in the inter-Andean tropical lowlands of the Magdalena River, Colombia.

机译：哥伦比亚马格达莱纳河安第斯山脉间热带低地的景观发展和人类早期占领的证据。

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摘要

This dissertation presents the results of a decade of investigations in the Middle Magdalena Valley designed to understand the landscape development and the nature of early human occupations. The Magdalena River is the most prominent corridor through the Andean mountains in northern South America. Since 1990 stratified open sites were located during CRM projects. Six were tested (three with small excavations). These sites located in the paleo-floodplain at ca. 150 m asl. have provided a preceramic cultural sequence spanning the last 5000 to 10,400 years. The deposits contained stone artifacts and charcoal to variable depths; in the summit of the paleo-terrace early deposits are buried in the Bt horizon from ca. 40 cm to 80 cm below the surface but in the interior small Cano Regla valley deposits reach 120 cm in depth.; A tightly clustered series of radiocarbon dates place the earliest occupations in the Late Pleistocene. The older dates come from lower cultural layers of the sites La Palestina (10,400 BP, 10,230 BP, 10,260 BP and 10,300 BP), San Juan de Bedout (10,350 BP) and Nare (10,350 BP and 10,400 BP). Raw material is abundant, particularly chert and milky quartz cobbles. Thousands of waste flakes, many the product of bipolar flaking, were recovered as well as a number of expedient tools made on flakes. Other tools were fashioned from large flakes by unifacial and bifacial retouch. Bifacially flaked points varied considerably in size (4 to 16 cm) and shape, although triangular contracting stemmed forms were the most common. Biface edges were reduced using controlled percussion and, in the final stage, pressure retouch. A hundred plano-convex scrapers were recovered that are remarkably uniform in size and shape. Palestina, Penones and Nare sites have bifacial thinning flakes from the bottom of the occupation and fragments of projectile points appeared in Penones in the level dated to 6000 B.P.; Geoarchaeological evidence confirms important depositional activity of a braided Magdalena River during the Early Holocene period. Early inhabitants camped around beaches and islands, near streams, and swamps. Although no faunal remains were preserved in the Middle Magdalena sites, lithic artifacts suggest hunting activities and faunal preparation. They probably captured aquatic mammals (manatee), riverine fauna (fish, caiman, turtle), and medium sized terrestrial mammals.
机译：本文提出了在马格达莱纳中谷进行的十年调查的结果，旨在了解景观发展和早期人类职业的性质。玛格达莱纳河是穿越南美北部安第斯山脉的最著名的走廊。自1990年以来，在CRM项目期间就建立了分层的开放站点。测试了六个（三个小挖掘）。这些位点位于古洪泛平原。最高150 m在过去的5000到10,400年间提供了一种陶瓷的文化序列。矿床中的石器和木炭深度不一。在古露台的山顶，早些时候的沉积物被埋藏在约公元前的Bt地平线中。表面以下40到80厘米，但在内部的Cano Regla山谷小沉积物达到120厘米的深度。一系列紧密排列的放射性碳年代记录是晚更新世的最早职业。较早的日期来自La Palestina（10,400 BP，10,230 BP，10,260 BP和10,300 BP），San Juan de Bedout（10,350 BP）和Nare（10,350 BP和10,400 BP）遗址的较低文化层。原材料丰富，尤其是石和乳白色石英鹅卵石。回收了成千上万的废薄片，这些废薄片是双极性薄片的产物，还有许多在薄片上制成的方便的工具。其他工具是通过单面和双面修饰从大片中制成的。尽管最常见的是三角形收缩的茎状形状，但两面剥落的点在大小（4至16 cm）和形状上变化很大。使用可控的打击乐器减少双面边缘，并在最后阶段进行压力修饰。回收了一百个平凸刮板，这些刮板的大小和形状非常均匀。巴勒斯坦，佩农斯和纳雷遗址从占领区的底部有两面的薄片状剥落，佩农斯出现了射弹点的碎片，可追溯到公元前6000年。地质考古证据证实，全新世早期的辫状马格达莱纳河具有重要的沉积活动。早期居民在海滩和岛屿，溪流和沼泽附近露营。尽管在马格达莱纳中部遗址中未保留任何动物区系遗迹，但石器物提示狩猎活动和动物区系准备工作。他们可能捕获了水生哺乳动物（海牛），河流动物（鱼类，凯门鳄，乌龟）和中型陆生哺乳动物。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lopez, Carlos E.;

  • 作者单位

    Temple University.;

  • 授予单位 Temple University.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Archaeology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 285 p.
  • 总页数 285
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 古人类学;
  • 关键词

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