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Evolution of the Martian highlands: Implications from drainage basin characteristics and valley network morphologies.

机译：火星高地的演变：流域特征和河谷网络形态的启示。

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Geologic and geomorphic analyses reveal the effects of fluvial processes within Tyrrhena Terra, Promethei Terra and Libya Montes, Mars. High-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) visible and thermal infrared wavelength images, Viking Orbiter images, Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topographic data are used to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize highland fluvial systems and analyze the role of water in the evolution of these highland terrains. Highland materials---including rugged uplands, intermontane basin-filling materials, plains and impact crater ejecta deposits---are dissected by both widespread, well-integrated valley networks, such as Vichada Valles in Tyrrhena Terra, and small-scale isolated networks and single channels. The interior and exterior rims of impact craters, such as crater Millochau, are also dissected by gullies. Characterization of these features and the geologic units in which they occur is necessary to fully understand the nature of martian fluvial activity and the history of Mars' climate. High-resolution (128 pixels/degree) MOLA Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are used with the Arc/Info GIS software (including GRID, ARCPLOT, and ArcView 3.2a) and GRIDVIEW to quantitatively characterize the surface hydrology of Tyrrhena Terra, Promethei Terra and Libya Montes. Drainage basin divides and valley networks are modeled at different scales dependent on the depth to which anomalous pixel sinks are filled. Modeled drainage divides are defined by the distribution of highland peaks and impact crater rims. Hydrologic modeling results suggest that large areas of apparently undissected terrain in Tyrrhena Terra may have been influenced by fluvial processes. Compared to mapped networks, models of large-scale valley systems in Tyrrhena Terra accurately represent the locations of valleys down to at least second order. Smaller-scale systems observed in Promethei Terra and Libya Montes are more difficult to accurately represent with the model due to a combination of a large amount of topographic interpolation within the MOLA DEM and the close spacing of short, narrow valleys Rigorous comparison of the model results to image data is helping to produce accurate maps of martian drainage basins and their associated valley networks, which provide critical constraints for valley formation mechanisms and climate history.
机译：地质和地貌分析揭示了Tyrrhena Terra，Promethei Terra和利比亚蒙特斯，火星内河流过程的影响。高分辨率的火星轨道相机（MOC），热发射成像系统（THEMIS）可见和热红外波长图像，维京轨道器图像，热发射光谱仪（TES）和火星轨道激光高度计（MOLA）地形数据用于定性和定量表征高原河流系统，并分析水在这些高原地形演变中的作用。高地材料-包括崎up的高地，山间盆地盆地填充材料，平原和火山口弹射沉积物-被广泛且高度整合的山谷网络（例如第勒尼娜地带的Vichada Valles和小型孤立的网络）剖析和单一渠道。撞击坑的内部和外部边缘（如Millochau坑）也被沟壑解剖。要充分了解火星河流活动的性质和火星气候的历史，必须对这些特征及其发生的地质单位进行表征。高分辨率（128像素/度）的MOLA数字高程模型（DEM）与Arc / Info GIS软件（包括GRID，ARCPLOT和ArcView 3.2a）和GRIDVIEW一起使用，以定量地表征第勒尼娜Terra，普罗米塞伊Terra的地表水文学和利比亚·蒙特斯流域划分和流域网络将根据异常像素汇的填充深度，以不同的比例建模。通过高地峰和撞击坑边缘的分布来定义排水沟的模型。水文模拟结果表明，第勒尼娜（Tyrrhena Terra）的大片明显未解剖的地形可能已受到河流过程的影响。与映射网络相比，第勒尼娜Terra中的大型山谷系统模型准确地表示了至少到二阶的山谷位置。在Promethei Terra和Libya Montes中观察到的较小规模的系统更难于用模型精确表示，这是由于MOLA DEM中大量的地形插值和短而窄的山谷的紧密间距的组合。模型结果的严格比较对图像数据的采集有助于生成火星流域及其相关的山谷网络的精确地图，这对山谷形成机制和气候历史提供了重要的限制。

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