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首页> 外文学位 >Using environmental chemistry technologies for the removal of arsenic from drinking water, and fat and oil based phase change materials for thermal energy storage.
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Using environmental chemistry technologies for the removal of arsenic from drinking water, and fat and oil based phase change materials for thermal energy storage.

机译：使用环境化学技术去除饮用水中的砷以及基于脂肪和油的相变材料以存储热能。

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The first four chapters of this dissertation involve the removal of arsenic from drinking water. Various forms of a macroporous char prepared by partial gasification of subbituminous coal were studied for removal of arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) from water. In increasing order of effectiveness for arsenic(V) removal were untreated char acid-washed char char impregnated with iron(III) and gasified char impregnated with FeS char impregnated with iron(III) hydroxide char coated with zerovalent iron char impregnated with iron(III) oxide. A mass of 10 g of iron(III) oxide char removed arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) from 10,000 mL of water containing 500 micrograms/L of arsenic to levels below 10 micrograms/L. The capacity of the solid to remove arsenic was significantly diminished in water containing 4 mg/L of phosphate. An electrical current passed over 4 g of iron(III) oxide char in a column enabled removal of arsenic(III) from 14,000 mL of 500 micrograms/L arsenic(III) to below 10 micrograms/liter and at significantly higher flow rates than could be employed without electrolysis.; The fifth chapter in this dissertation focused on the retention of organics onto a char/concrete pellet. A mixture of naphthalene, pentachlorophenol, biphenyl, toluene, tetrachloroethane, and chlorobenzene were impregnated into a loose granular char, a char/concrete pellet and a sand/concrete pellet. The results showed that the char/concrete pellet had significant advantages over the other forms.; Chapters 6--9 focus on phase change materials (PCMs). These PCMs are made from fats and oils. PCMs are perhaps the only proven method that can provide near 100% thermal energy storage. In chapter 7 a novel HPLC method was developed that could provide quantification and qualification of the resulting products formed after PCM synthesis. In chapter 8 thermal cycling studies were conducted on the fat and oil based PCMs. These thermal cycle demonstrated that these PCMs were capable of going through a multitude of freeze and melt processes with little to no degradation if the appropriate preservative is used. Finally in chapter 9 the PCM is incorporated into a simulated 100 th scale house. A traditional freon based evaporator is used to freeze the PCM at night during electrical-off-peak hours. During the peak-load of the day the evaporator is turned off and the PCM provides the cooling for the house.
机译：本文的前四章涉及从饮用水中去除砷。研究了通过部分气化亚烟煤制备的各种形式的大孔焦炭，用于从水中去除砷（V）和砷（III）。按去除砷（V）的有效性递增顺序，未处理的炭<酸洗炭<含铁（III）的炭和气化<含FeS的炭<含铁（III）的炭<涂有零价铁的炭<炭浸渍了氧化铁（III）。 10 g的氧化铁（III）炭从10,000 mL的水（含500微克/升的砷）中除去了砷（V）和砷（III），含量低于10微克/升。在包含4 mg / L磷酸盐的水中，固体去除砷的能力大大降低。在柱中通过4克氧化铁（III）炭的电流使砷（III）从14,000 mL的500微克/升砷（III）去除至10微克/升以下，并且流速明显高于无需电解即可使用。本论文的第五章重点研究了有机物在炭/混凝土颗粒上的保留。将萘，五氯苯酚，联苯，甲苯，四氯乙烷和氯苯的混合物浸渍到松散的颗粒状炭，炭/混凝土粒料和砂子/混凝土粒料中。结果表明，炭/混凝土颗粒比其他形式具有明显的优势。第6--9章重点介绍相变材料（PCM）。这些PCM由油脂制成。 PCM可能是唯一可提供近100％热能存储的成熟方法。在第7章中，开发了一种新的HPLC方法，该方法可以对PCM合成后形成的产物进行定量和鉴定。在第8章中，对基于油脂的PCM进行了热循环研究。这些热循环表明，如果使用适当的防腐剂，这些PCM能够经历许多冷冻和熔化过程，几乎没有降解。最后，在第9章中，将PCM并入了模拟的第100级房屋。传统的基于氟利昂的蒸发器用于在非高峰时段的夜间冻结PCM。在一天的高峰负荷期间，关闭蒸发器，并且PCM为房屋提供冷却。

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