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The effects of weather recognition training on general aviation pilot situation assessment and tactical decision making when confronted with adverse weather conditions.

机译：当遇到不利的天气条件时，天气识别培训对通用航空飞行员状况评估和战术决策的影响。

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Previous general aviation (GA) accident studies showed that decision errors were more associated with fatal GA accidents than other kinds of human errors, and weather related accidents, especially continued visual flight rules (VFR) flight into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), remained the major cause of fatal GA accidents. Thus, finding the underlying causes of GA pilots' decision errors and continued VFR flight into adverse weather conditions are needed to reduce weather related GA accidents as well as fatal GA accidents.;Causal factors and hypotheses of weather related GA accidents show that knowledge, experience, motivation, and weather information frequently have been referred as causal factors of weather-related GA accidents. Among causal hypotheses, situation assessment and risk assessment hypotheses have been cited frequently as the causes of weather related GA accidents.;The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of weather recognition training on GA pilots' situation assessment and tactical decision making under gradually aggravating weather conditions. To meet this purpose, WeatherWise and an X-Plane 9 flight simulation program has been used. WeatherWise is a computer based weather training program developed by Wiggins et al. (2000) to improve GA pilot weather-related decision making, and was approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for free public use.;Pilot situation assessment is a pilot's understanding of a current flight state, and was evaluated in terms of weather assessment and risk assessment. Weather assessment is the pilot's ability to recognize or estimate the changes in visibility, ceiling, and weather condition. Risk assessment is the understanding of the risks associated with flying in adverse weather conditions, and was measured in terms of risk perception and risk tolerance using the Hazardous Event Scale, personal weather minimums, and the Aviation Safety Attitude Scale. Pilot situation assessment was measured by a post experiment questionnaire.;Pilot tactical decision making is in flight judgment, and was evaluated in terms of decision accuracy and decision confidence. Decision accuracy was evaluated by measuring the distance that a pilot has flown from an optimal divert point to an actual divert point, and the distance a pilot has flown into adverse weather conditions. Decision confidence is the pilot's confidence level in making diverting decisions when the pilot encounters adverse weather, and was measured by subjective rating method.;Findings of the study indicated that the WeatherWise training group exhibited significantly higher weather assessment as measured by ceiling estimation ability and decision accuracy as measured by flown distance into adverse weather condition than the control group, but no significant differences were found in their risk assessment and decision confidence. Although the effects of weather training on the risk assessment were not significantly different between the two groups, participants in the WeatherWise training group was more conservative toward flying into adverse weather condition than the control group.;It was hypothesized to find a positive relationship between pilots' situation assessments and their tactical decision-making because situation assessment forms a basis for decision making; however, positive relationship was found only between pilots' ceiling estimation and flown distances into adverse weather in this study. Thus, it can be concluded that the weather training was effective at least in part to pilot situation assessment and tactical decision making. In addition, considering the weather training was just one-time 30 minute training, long-term effects of weather training should be conducted to find further relationship between pilot situation assessment and tactical decision making.;The results of this study can be expanded not only to GA pilots but also to commercial airline pilots and military pilots for various reasons. First, all pilots are expected to acquire weather recognition skills and knowledge to ensure a safe flight regardless of their flight types because the nature of weather condition changes is dynamic and hard to predict during the flight. Second, although those aircrafts are well equipped with navigation aid systems and weather display radar, they do not provide real--time weather information, and they sometimes malfunction.;In conclusion, it is expected that this study will be helpful for GA pilots to understand the effects of weather recognition training on weather decision making, and eventually help them assess a situation correctly and make a timely in-flight decision. It is believed that this study will help to establish a sound foundation for weather training program and has the potential to reduce weather-related GA accidents by implementing weather training during flight training.
机译：先前的通用航空（GA）事故研究表明，与其他类型的人为失误相比，决策错误与致命的通用航空事故更为相关，与天气有关的事故，尤其是持续的目视飞行规则（VFR）飞行进入仪器气象条件（IMC），仍然是致命的通用航空事故的主要原因。因此，需要找到通用航空飞行员决策错误的根本原因，并继续VFR飞行到不利的天气条件下，以减少与天气相关的通用航空事故以及致命的通用航空事故。;与天气相关的通用航空事故的因果和假设表明，知识，经验，动机和天气信息经常被称为与天气有关的GA事故的因果因素。在因果假设中，作为与天气有关的通用航空事故的起因，经常提到状况评估和风险评估的假设。本研究的目的是评估天气识别训练对通用航空飞行员的状况评估和战术决策制定的影响。恶劣的天气条件。为达到此目的，已使用WeatherWise和X-Plane 9飞行模拟程序。 WeatherWise是Wiggins等人开发的基于计算机的天气培训程序。 （2000）改进了通用航空飞行员与天气有关的决策，并获得了美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）的免费公共使用。飞行员情况评估是飞行员对当前飞行状态的了解，并根据天气进行了评估评估和风险评估。天气评估是飞行员识别或估算能见度，天花板和天气状况变化的能力。风险评估是对与恶劣天气条件下飞行有关的风险的理解，并使用危险事件量表，个人天气最低标准和航空安全态度量表，根据风险感知和风险承受能力进行了度量。飞行员情况评估是通过实验后问卷进行的。飞行员战术决策是在飞行中进行判断，并根据决策准确性和决策信心进行评估。通过测量飞行员从最佳分流点到实际分流点的飞行距离以及飞行员在不利天气条件下的飞行距离来评估决策准确性。决策置信度是飞行员在遇到不利天气时做出改行决策的置信度，通过主观评分法进行评估。研究结果表明，通过上限估算能力和决策，WeatherWise培训小组的天气评估明显更高相对于对照组，以乘飞机进入恶劣天气条件的距离来衡量准确度，但在风险评估和决策信心方面没有发现显着差异。尽管两组之间天气培训对风险评估的影响没有显着差异，但WeatherWise培训组的参与者在飞向不利天气条件方面比对照组更为保守;假设可以发现飞行员之间存在正相关关系情况评估及其战术决策，因为情况评估是决策的基础；然而，在这项研究中，仅在飞行员的最高高度估计和飞行距离之间建立了正相关。因此，可以得出这样的结论：天气培训至少部分对飞行员情况评估和战术决策有效。此外，考虑到天气训练只是一次30分钟的训练，应该进行天气训练的长期效果，以发现飞行员情况评估与战术决策之间的进一步关系。;本研究的结果不仅可以扩展出于各种原因，不仅向通用航空飞行员提供服务，还向商业航空飞行员和军事飞行员提供服务。首先，由于天气条件变化的本质是动态的，并且在飞行过程中难以预测，因此期望所有飞行员都获得天气识别技能和知识，以确保飞行安全，无论其飞行类型如何。其次，尽管这些飞机装备了导航辅助系统和天气显示雷达，但它们无法提供实时的天气信息，并且有时会出现故障。;总而言之，预计这项研究将对通用航空飞行员有所帮助了解天气识别培训对天气决策的影响，并最终帮助他们正确评估情况并及时做出机上决策。相信这项研究将有助于为天气训练计划奠定良好的基础，并有可能通过在飞行训练期间实施天气训练来减少与天气有关的通用航空事故。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kim, Chansik.;

  • 作者单位

    Clemson University.;

  • 授予单位 Clemson University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Industrial.;Psychology Experimental.;Atmospheric Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 191 p.
  • 总页数 191
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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