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Adaptation, differentiation and plasticity of alpine Erysimum capitatum and their implications for responses to climate change.

机译：高山头花大麦的适应，分化和可塑性及其对气候变化的响应意义。

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摘要

Anthropogenic climate change is expected to alter species distributions and abundances. Organisms at high altitude or latitude are at particular risk. To predict changes in population sizes and viability, responses to changing environments in demography, life history, and physiological traits must be evaluated, as well as their interactions with each other and with specific environmental factors. Although altitudinal variation in diverse traits is well documented in plant species, little information is available on how the demography of alpine plants is expected respond to climate change, and how fundamental life histories of alpine plants will change via phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution. Since the alpine environment is expected to become more similar to below tree-line environments, I quantified phenotypic plasticity, population differentiation and local adaptation of Erysimum capitatum populations inhabiting alpine and below tree-line environments.;Plant survival of all life-stages was higher in alpine environments compared to lower-elevation environments, suggesting that climate change can directly reduce population growth rate. Plasticity of physiological and morphological traits may mitigate the decline of alpine populations, but adaptive evolution or migration of low-elevation genotypes is likely required to maintain populations at high altitude because of the limits of phenotypic plasticity.;Life-history differed across altitude, with semelparity predominating at low altitude and iteroparity at high altitude. This differentiation appears adaptive since adult mortality was higher at low altitude. In addition, a tradeoff between juvenile survival and post-reproductive survival was found: the production of more axillary rosettes compromised survival at the pre-reproductive stage under drought conditions like those at low elevation, but axillary rosettes are also required for post-reproductive survival and an iteroparous life history. Thus, evolution or phenotypic plasticity of pre-reproductive traits may influence adult reproductive strategy. Such a change in reproductive strategy induces fundamental changes in population demography.;In summary, alpine populations of E. capitatum are specialized to high-elevation environments, so their sizes are expected to decrease in response to climate change unless migration occurs from populations at lower elevation. Altered natural selection on pre-reproductive traits, moreover, has the potential to alter basic reproductive strategy, which in turn will influence population demography.
机译：人为的气候变化有望改变物种分布和丰度。高海拔或高纬度的生物特别容易受到威胁。要预测人口规模和生存能力的变化，必须评估人口统计学，生活史和生理特征对环境变化的反应，以及它们之间以及与特定环境因素的相互作用。尽管在植物物种中已经很好地记录了不同性状的海拔高度变化，但是关于高山植物的人口统计学如何应对气候变化以及高山植物的基本生活史将如何通过表型可塑性和适应性进化而变化的信息很少。由于预计高山环境将与树线以下环境更加相似，因此我对居住在高山和树线以下环境中的黑麦草种群的表型可塑性，种群分化和局部适应性进行了定量分析；所有生命阶段的植物存活率均较高与海拔较低的环境相比，这表明气候变化可以直接降低人口增长率。生理和形态特征的可塑性可能减轻高山种群的下降，但是由于表型可塑性的局限性，维持高海拔种群可能需要适应性进化或低海拔基因型的迁移。低空占优势，高空占优势。这种分化似乎是适应性的，因为低海拔地区的成年人死亡率更高。此外，还发现了幼年存活率与生殖后存活率之间的折衷：在干旱条件下（例如低海拔条件下），更多的腋窝莲座丛的产生损害了生殖前阶段的存活，但是腋窝莲座丛也是生殖后存活所必需的以及生命史。因此，生殖前性状的进化或表型可塑性可能会影响成年生殖策略。生殖策略的这种变化引起了人口统计学的根本变化。总之，高山头信徒的种群专门针对高海拔环境，因此，除非气候变化，除非人口迁移，否则其规模会随着气候变化而减小。海拔。此外，改变生殖前性状的自然选择有可能改变基本的生殖策略，这反过来又会影响人口统计。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kim, Eunsuk.;

  • 作者单位

    Harvard University.;

  • 授予单位 Harvard University.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.;Climate Change.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 226 p.
  • 总页数 226
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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