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An ecosystem approach to climate policy: The role of rural renewable energy design.

机译：生态系统方法用于气候政策：农村可再生能源设计的作用。

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摘要

Climate Change provides renewed saliency to the Rural Energy Problematique, the daunting task of providing modern, sustainable energy services to the two billion people world-wide solely, or overwhelmingly reliant on subsistence biomass energy. The majority world poor are most vulnerable to adverse impacts of climate change and those least responsible for it. Furthermore, alleviating poverty requires addressing one of poverty's defining characteristics: chronic energy deprivation. Increased energy provision to the world's poor is not a development option, it is a basic necessity---but the choices made in how that energy is delivered will either exacerbate climate change or go to great lengths to mitigate it.; Simultaneously, sweeping changes are transforming the power sector. Vertically integrated power utilities are breaking up as successive waves of deregulation create new business opportunities for geographically dispersed independent power producers and distributors. The rediscovery of ecosystem and community-based approaches to rural development contribute powerful paradigms linking decentralized renewable energy to the opportunities created by power sector deregulation. Policy-makers have recognized this potential and in the case of India, for example, have enacted legislation to foster decentralized, community-based renewable energy systems. A key research gap, however, that this thesis addresses is that the system design tools appropriate to ecosystem-oriented rural energy planning do not yet exist.; This thesis develops a new ecosystem-based approach to rural energy systems design. Key components of this design approach, include; the use of complex adaptive systems theory to establish rural energy systems design principles; a human energetics model for examining the influence of bioenergy resource accessibility; and spatial optimization techniques for rural biomass energy planning. Applying these tools leads to a landscape focus for rural energy planning that links strongly to biodiversity conservation and traditional ecological knowledge. The design approach is then refined to include landscape structure optimization for biodiversity objectives using landscape ecology concepts, and subsequently multi-objective optimization of rural bioenergy systems based on accessibility, economic and landscape ecology considerations.; The landscape-scale bioenergy design tools are applied to a sub-region of the Shivalik Hills of Haryana, India known as the Morni Hills. The design tools are then generalized for regional-scale distributed renewable energy systems design with integrated bioenergy, wind and solar resource assessment. Illustrative applications from the Shivalik Hills region of India demonstrate the use of the tools, including the cost implications of landscape design, the influence of distributed wind generation and the implications of regional biomass constraints.
机译：气候变化为农村能源问题提供了新的机会，这是一项艰巨的任务，即向全世界20亿人口完全或完全依靠生存的生物质能提供现代，可持续的能源服务。世界上大多数穷人最容易受到气候变化的不利影响，而对气候变化负有最少责任的人则最容易受到影响。此外，减轻贫困需要解决贫困的一个定义特征：长期能源匮乏。向世界穷人提供更多的能源不是一种发展选择，这是基本的必要。但是，在如何提供能源方面做出的选择将加剧气候变化，或者竭尽全力来缓解气候变化。同时，全面的变化正在改变电力部门。随着一连串的放松管制浪潮为分散在各地的独立电力生产商和分销商创造了新的商机，垂直整合的电力公司正在瓦解。重新发现生态系统和基于社区的农村发展方法，为将分散式可再生能源与电力部门放松管制所创造的机会联系在一起提供了强有力的范例。政策制定者已经意识到了这种潜力，例如在印度，已经颁布了立法，以促进权力下放，基于社区的可再生能源系统的发展。然而，本文要解决的一个关键研究空白是尚不存在适合面向生态系统的农村能源规划的系统设计工具。本文提出了一种新的基于生态系统的农村能源系统设计方法。这种设计方法的关键组成部分包括：利用复杂的自适应系统理论建立农村能源系统设计原则；用于研究生物能源资源可及性影响的人类能量模型；农村生物质能源规划的空间和空间优化技术。应用这些工具将重点放在农村能源规划的景观上，该规划与生物多样性保护和传统生态知识密切相关。然后完善设计方法，包括利用景观生态学概念对生物多样性目标进行景观结构优化，然后根据可及性，经济和景观生态学考虑因素对农村生物能源系统进行多目标优化。景观规模的生物能源设计工具被应用于印度哈里亚纳邦Shivalik Hills的一个子区域，即Morni Hills。然后将设计工具推广到具有集成生物能源，风能和太阳能资源评估的区域规模分布式可再生能源系统设计。印度Shivalik Hills地区的说明性应用说明了这些工具的使用，包括景观设计的成本影响，分布式风力发电的影响以及区域生物量限制的影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Venema, Henry David.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Waterloo (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Waterloo (Canada).;
  • 学科 Engineering System Science.; Engineering Civil.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 538 p.
  • 总页数 538
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 系统科学;建筑科学;
  • 关键词

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