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Integrated agronomic and socioeconomic assessment of a water-saving rice crop management system in the Sahel.

机译：萨赫勒节水水稻作物管理系统的综合农业和社会经济评估。

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摘要

Rice is life. Over 65% of the globe's population consumes rice daily, and 70% of the world's poorest one billion people depend on rice farming for their livelihoods. Recent food crises, increasing agricultural input costs and growing water scarcity underscore the need for environmentally sound rice production methods. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is championed as a high-yielding and water-saving rice management strategy. Promoted in 47 countries, SRI is backed by groups ranging from the World Bank to non-governmental organizations. SRI's popularity, however, is matched by fierce controversy. While some researchers praise SRI as environmentally beneficial, others contend its advantages are grossly overstated. In response, this research evaluates SRI in the Senegal River Valley. The first chapter introduces SRI and the study environment. The second details a five-season experiment comparing SRI to Recommended Management Practices (RMP). SRI saved 16-48% the water used for continual flooding in RMP, without significant yield differences. Additive yield benefits occurred in SRI when straw incorporation was combined with inorganic fertilizer additions, though only after three seasons of application. In chapter three, we compared SRI to RMP by growing seven rice cultivars under weed-free conditions, and in competition with weeds, for two seasons, and at two locations. Weed-free yields differed little between systems. SRI used less irrigation and increased water productivity 23--79%. But in competition with weeds, SRI yielded significantly less than RMP in three of four experiments. Two promising weed-competitive cultivars were identified for use in SRI. In the final chapter, we compared RMP to SRI and Farmers' Practices in a multi-location, farmer-managed ' experiment. In response to farmer-identified labor and production constraints, we also worked with farmers to develop a fourth crop management treatment. The resulting system proved to be high yielding, risk reducing and profitable. SRI's benefits include high yields, reduced irrigation requirement and improved water productivity, though in the Sahelian environment, farmers may experience difficulties implementing SRI, especially where weed pressure is high, or where farmers face labor and input constraints. Instead, the most promising results come from encouraging farmers to innovate and adapt systems to turn constraints into advantages.
机译：大米就是生命。全球超过65％的人口每天食用大米，而世界上最贫困的10亿人口中有70％依靠稻米为生。最近的粮食危机，不断增加的农业投入成本和日益严重的水资源短缺，凸显了对环境无害的稻米生产方法的需求。稻米集约化系统（SRI）被视为一种高产，节水的稻米管理策略。在47个国家/地区中推广，SRI得到了世界银行到非政府组织等组织的支持。但是，SRI的受欢迎程度伴随着激烈的争议。尽管有些研究人员称赞SRI对环境有益，但另一些人则认为SRI的优势被夸大了。作为回应，本研究评估了塞内加尔河流域的SRI。第一章介绍了SRI和学习环境。第二部分详细介绍了一个为期五个季度的实验，将SRI与推荐的管理规范（RMP）进行了比较。 SRI为RMP连续注水节省了16-48％的水，而产量没有明显差异。当秸秆还田与无机肥料的添加相结合时，虽然仅在施用三个季节后，但在SRI中却产生了增产效益。在第三章中，我们通过在无杂草条件下与杂草竞争两个季节和两个地点种植七个水稻品种，将SRI与RMP进行了比较。不同系统之间的无杂草产量差异很小。 SRI减少了灌溉并提高了水生产率23--79％。但是在与杂草竞争中，在四个实验中的三个实验中，SRI的产量显着低于RMP。确定了两个有前途的杂草竞争性品种可用于SRI。在最后一章中，我们在一个多地点，农民管理的实验中将RMP与SRI和“农民实践”进行了比较。为了应对农民确定的劳动力和生产限制，我们还与农民合作开发了第四种作物管理方法。事实证明，该系统具有高收益，降低风险和盈利能力。 SRI的好处包括高产，减少灌溉需求和提高水生产率，尽管在萨赫勒地区，农民在实施SRI时可能会遇到困难，特别是在杂草压力高或农民面临劳动力和投入限制的情况下。取而代之的是，最有希望的结果来自鼓励农民创新和调整系统，以将约束条件转化为优势。

著录项

  • 作者

    Krupnik, Timothy J.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Santa Cruz.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Santa Cruz.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.;Economics Agricultural.;Biology Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 212 p.
  • 总页数 212
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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