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Communities under stress: Trade liberalization and development of shrimp aquaculture in Orissa Coast, India.

机译：面临压力的社区：印度奥里萨邦海岸的贸易自由化和虾类水产养殖的发展。

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摘要

The past two decades have witnessed a growing number of developing countries adopting trade liberalization initiatives to integrate more fully with the global economy. One of the main outcomes of this development was the promotion of high value food products. Growth of brackish water shrimp farms in the coastal areas is one of the prime examples of this export-driven production system. Although the development has resulted many positive impacts including generating income and employment opportunities for the rural poor, it has raised serious concerns over the accompanying social, economic and environmental impacts occurred upon the coastal communities.; India liberalized its economy in the early nineties with an objective to achieve higher economic growth so as to combat poverty. Emphasis was given on the production of export oriented high value commodities that have demand in the international market. The underlying conditions of poverty, rapid population growth and aspirations of the young people towards non-agricultural pursuits, however, intensified the pressure to choose short-term economic gains over long-term resource management strategies. Development of shrimp aquaculture along the coasts received high priority in the national agenda as a drive to increase the country's foreign currency reserve. Although the development has brought significant amount of foreign currency to the national economy, at the local level it has disrupted the livelihoods of the rural communities and altered the coastal environment.; This study addresses the consequences of the transformation of the rural economy as a result of trade liberalization in India. It examines the social, economic and environmental impacts that have been generated upon the rural communities in Chandabali block after the introduction of industrial shrimp farming. To achieve the research objectives, a 'multiple methods approach' comprising document review, key informant interviews, household surveys and group discussions has been adopted. After discussing the main findings of this study, several recommendations were offered at the end to help improve the role of shrimp farming in rural development.; The findings of this study suggest that macro level policies such as trade liberalization initiatives may be useful in some respect at the national level, but at the local level it can generate imbalance growth. There is a need to formulate appropriate policy guidelines at the national level and establish sufficient institutions at the local level to monitor the development activities. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：在过去的二十年中，越来越多的发展中国家采取贸易自由化举措，以更充分地融入全球经济。这一发展的主要成果之一是高价值食品的推广。沿海地区咸淡水虾养殖场的发展是这种以出口为导向的生产系统的主要例证之一。尽管这种发展产生了许多积极影响，包括为农村穷人创造了收入和就业机会，但它引起了对沿海社区随之而来的社会，经济和环境影响的严重关切。印度在90年代初实现了经济自由化，目标是实现更高的经济增长以消除贫困。重点强调了在国际市场上有需求的出口导向的高价值商品的生产。贫困，人口的快速增长以及年轻人对非农业的追求的潜在条件加剧了选择长期经济管理而不是长期资源管理战略的压力。在沿海国家发展虾类水产养殖在国家议程中被列为高度优先事项，以推动该国增加外汇储备。尽管这种发展为国民经济带来了大量外汇，但在地方一级却扰乱了农村社区的生计并改变了沿海环境。这项研究解决了印度贸易自由化导致农村经济转型的后果。它研究了在引入工业虾养殖之后对昌达巴里地区农村社区产生的社会，经济和环境影响。为了达到研究目的，采用了“多种方法”，包括文件审查，关键知情人访谈，家庭调查和小组讨论。在讨论了这项研究的主要发现之后，最后提出了一些建议，以帮助提高虾类养殖在农村发展中的作用。这项研究的结果表明，诸如贸易自由化倡议之类的宏观政策在国家层面上可能会有所帮助，但在地方层面上却可能导致失衡增长。有必要在国家一级制定适当的政策准则，并在地方一级建立足够的机构来监测发展活动。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

著录项

  • 作者

    Pradhan, Dolagobinda.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Victoria (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Victoria (Canada).;
  • 学科 Geography.; Agriculture Fisheries and Aquaculture.; Economics Agricultural.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 301 p.
  • 总页数 301
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然地理学;水产、渔业;农业经济;
  • 关键词

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