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Contracts, consent, and fate: Framing the Chinese civil service examinations as mechanisms of social conditioning and political domination.

机译：合同，同意书和命运：将中国公务员考试框架化为社会条件和政治统治的机制。

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摘要

Though the form of civil service examinations in pre-modern Imperial China was dynamic, their function was comparatively static. In every era, they were principally an institution designed to either assist or outright effect the creation of an economy of social hierarchy designed to ensure social an economic domination. This function changed only with respect to what kind of hierarchy was to be created: either aristocratic, gentry, or just as often ethnic. The exams' evolution culminated in an era of understood autocracy after the Song characterized by the state's structure as one ultimately tailored to enable the despotic rule of one man, though only incidentally this was not always the result. The practice of state myth-creation also served not only to validate the infinite power of the superstructure to socially and economically enable all persons regardless of background, but also to legitimize the divinity of the system and elevate it above suspicion and criticism. Ultimately, the examinations produced a system characterized by a high degree of contextualized meritocracy. That is, a meritocracy of conformity to hierarchy. Scholars can legitimately isolate the security this system provided Imperial elites in late Imperial China as a reason for China's inability to industrialize after 1850, when other countries, namely Japan, successfully used the sheer force of governance to make up for lost time in the race for technological and institutional development.
机译：尽管在近代前的中华帝国，公务员考试的形式是动态的，但其功能却是相对静态的。在每个时代，它们主要是一个旨在协助或直接影响建立社会等级制度经济的机构，旨在确保社会经济统治。该功能仅在要创建哪种等级上有所变化：贵族，士绅或族裔。宋代以国家结构为特征，最终以量身定制的方式来实现一个人的专制统治后，考试的演变达到了一个被理解的专制时代，尽管只是顺便说一句，这并不总是结果。建立国家神话的实践不仅有助于验证上层建筑的无限力量，不论其背景如何，所有人都可以在社会和经济上获得社会地位，而且还可以使该制度的神圣性合法化，并将其提升到怀疑和批评之上。最终，考试产生了以高度的情境精英化为特征的系统。也就是说，遵循等级制的精英统治。学者们可以合理地隔离这一制度的安全性，因为在1850年后，中国帝国时代后期的帝国精英阶层成为了中国无法工业化的一个原因，当时其他国家（即日本）成功地运用了纯粹的治理力量来弥补在竞争中的损失时间。技术和体制发展。

著录项

  • 作者

    McSweeney, Forrest Cale.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Alabama at Birmingham.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Alabama at Birmingham.;
  • 学科 History Asia Australia and Oceania.;Asian Studies.
  • 学位 M.A.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 107 p.
  • 总页数 107
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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