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L'epigenetique, moteur de l'evolution d'un vertebre asexue.

机译:表观遗传学,无性椎体进化的引擎。

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摘要

The aim of the thesis is to determine the extent of epigenetic variation, more specifically DNA methylation polymorphism, not linked to genetic variation in natural populations of an asexual vertebrate. This evaluation enables to better understand the importance that plays epigenetics processes in ecology and evolution. The biological model used is the clonal hybrid of the gynogenetic Chrosomus eosneogaeus complex. Even in absence of genetic difference, an important phenotypic variability is observed among hybrids of the same clonal lineage living in different environments. Epigenetics, a modification of genes expression without a change at the DNA sequence, provides an explanation to this paradox. The diversity of phenotypes may be explained by differential methylation patterns of genes and/or alleles among genetically identical hybrids. The diversity of epiclonal lineages may be explained by the colonisation of many epiclonal lineages, established in response to the environment or stochastically. Many methods were used for screening the genome of clonal hybrids in order to highlight DNA methylation polymophism at the scale of an individual and among individuals of different populations.;Key words: population epigenetics, DNA methylation, heritability, selection, genomic flexibility, GPG model, hybridization, clonal vertebrate, Chrosomus eosneogaeus complex, transposable elements, MSAP, bisulfite sequencing.
机译:本文的目的是确定表观遗传变异的程度,更具体地讲,是与无性脊椎动物自然种群中遗传变异无关的DNA甲基化多态性。该评估能够更好地理解在生态学和进化中扮演表观遗传学过程的重要性。所用的生物学模型是雌核发育的嗜酸性嗜铬菌复合体的克隆杂交体。即使在没有遗传差异的情况下,在生活在不同环境中的同一克隆世系的杂种之间也观察到重要的表型变异性。表观遗传学是对基因表达的一种修饰,在DNA序列上没有变化,为这种悖论提供了解释。表型的多样性可以通过基因相同的杂种之间基因和/或等位基因的差异甲基化模式来解释。可以通过响应环境或随机建立的许多克隆谱系的殖民化来解释克隆谱系的多样性。为了突出个体和不同群体间的DNA甲基化多态性,人们使用了许多方法来筛选克隆杂交体的基因组。关键词:群体表观遗传学,DNA甲基化,遗传力,选择,基因组灵活性,GPG模型,杂交,克隆脊椎动物,嗜酸性嗜铬菌(Chrosomus eosneogaeus)复合体,转座因子,MSAP,亚硫酸氢盐测序。

著录项

  • 作者

    Massicotte, Rachel.;

  • 作者单位

    Universite de Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Universite de Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Biology Molecular.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 172 p.
  • 总页数 172
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 肿瘤学;
  • 关键词

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