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Reservoir sedimentation along the upper Washita River in western Oklahoma and northern Texas.

机译：俄克拉荷马州西部和得克萨斯州北部的Washita河上游的水库沉积。

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In response to Dust Bowl flooding of the 1930's, numerous flood control dams were built in Oklahoma and Texas to slow discharge of tributaries into the main stem of the Washita River, effectively reducing peak flows and downstream flooding. The dams in this region have a projected sediment storage lifetime of 50 years, and some are approaching the end of their projected lifetime. Field measurements were made to estimate the volume of sediment impounded behind flood control structures by first determining thickness of sediment at the dam. Next, volume of sediment was estimated by calculating it as a geometric wedge shape, thickest at the dam and tapering to zero upstream. Calculated sediment volume for each site was then compared to predictions by the WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) model for each reservoir.; The WEPP model was found to severely underestimate sediment in each reservoir, with no statistical significance between observed and predicted values. Further investigation indicated that 77.5% of residual could be explained by considering length of section line roads in each watershed. In addition, all flood control dams measured were found to be filled to only a fraction of their sediment storage capacity, or to contain immeasurably small amounts.
机译：为了响应1930年代的沙尘暴洪水，在俄克拉荷马州和德克萨斯州建造了许多防洪大坝，以减慢支流向Washita河主干的排放，从而有效地减少了洪峰流量和下游洪水。该地区的水坝的预计沉积寿命为50年，有些水坝的使用寿命已接近尾声。通过首先确定大坝的沉积物厚度，进行了现场测量，以估算蓄积在防洪结构后面的沉积物的量。接下来，通过将其计算为几何楔形来估算沉积物的体积，该几何楔形在大坝处最厚，在上游逐渐变细为零。然后将每个站点的沉积物体积与WEPP（水蚀预测项目）模型对每个水库的预测值进行比较。发现WEPP模型严重低估了每个水库中的泥沙，在观测值和预测值之间没有统计学意义。进一步的调查表明，通过考虑每个流域中的剖面线的长度，可以解释77.5％的残留量。另外，发现所有测得的防洪大坝仅被填充了其沉积物存储能力的一小部分，或仅包含少量的水。

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