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Analysis of space reactor system components: Investigation through simulation and non-nuclear testing.

机译：空间反应堆系统组成部分的分析：通过仿真和无核试验进行调查。

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The use of fission energy in space power and propulsion systems offers considerable advantages over chemical propulsion. Fission provides over six orders of magnitude higher energy density, which translates to higher vehicle specific impulse and lower specific mass. These characteristics enable ambitious space exploration missions.; The natural space radiation environment provides an external source of protons and high energy, high Z particles that can result in the production of secondary neutrons through interactions in reactor structures. Applying the approximate proton source in geosynchronous orbit during a solar particle event, investigation using MCNPX 2.5.b for proton transport through the SAFE-400 heat pipe cooled reactor indicates an incoming secondary neutron current of (1.16 +/- 0.03) x 107 n/s at the core-reflector interface. This neutron current may affect reactor operation during low power maneuvers (e.g., start-up) and may provide a sufficient reactor start-up source. It is important that a reactor control system be designed to automatically adjust to changes in reactor power levels, maintaining nominal operation without user intervention. A robust, autonomous control system is developed and analyzed for application during reactor start-up, accounting for fluctuations in the radiation environment that result from changes in vehicle location or to temporal variations in the radiation field.; Development of a nuclear reactor for space applications requires a significant amount of testing prior to deployment of a flight unit. High confidence in fission system performance can be obtained through relatively inexpensive non-nuclear tests performed in relevant environments, with the heat from nuclear fission simulated using electric resistance heaters. A series of non-nuclear experiments was performed to characterize various aspects of reactor operation. This work includes measurement of reactor core deformation due to material thermal expansion and implementation of a virtual reactivity feedback control loop; testing and thermal hydraulic characterization of the coolant flow paths for two space reactor concepts; and analysis of heat pipe operation during start-up and steady state operation.
机译：在空间动力和推进系统中使用裂变能提供了超过化学推进的显着优势。裂变提供了超过六个数量级的更高能量密度，这转化为更高的车辆比冲量和更低的比重。这些特征使雄心勃勃的太空探索任务成为可能。自然空间辐射环境提供了质子和高能高Z粒子的外部来源，这些高质高Z粒子可通过反应堆结构中的相互作用导致产生次级中子。在太阳粒子事件期间，在地球同步轨道上应用近似的质子源，使用MCNPX 2.5.b进行质子通过SAFE-400热管冷却反应堆的传输研究表明，传入的中子电流为（1.16 +/- 0.03）x 107 n /在核心反射器接口处。该中子电流可能在低功率操纵（例如，启动）期间影响反应堆的运行，并且可以提供足够的反应堆启动源。重要的是，将反应堆控制系统设计为能够自动调整以适应反应堆功率水平的变化，并在无需用户干预的情况下保持正常运行。开发并分析了一个强大的自主控制系统，用于在反应堆启动期间的应用，以解决由于车辆位置变化或辐射场随时间变化而导致的辐射环境波动。开发用于太空应用的核反应堆需要在部署飞行单元之前进行大量测试。通过在相关环境中执行相对便宜的非核试验，并使用电阻加热器模拟核裂变产生的热量，可以获得对裂变系统性能的高度可信度。进行了一系列非核实验以表征反应堆运行的各个方面。这项工作包括测量由于材料热膨胀引起的反应堆堆芯变形以及虚拟反应性反馈控制回路的实现；两种空间反应堆概念的冷却剂流动路径的测试和热工水力特性；启动和稳态运行期间热管运行的分析和分析。

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