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Changes in soil quality under different agricultural management in Chinese Mollisols.

机译：不同的农业经营方式对中国软体动物土壤质量的影响。

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摘要

Mollisols (called Black soils) are of major agricultural importance in China. Most of these soils have been used agriculturally for the last 50 years or so. Due to intensive cultivation and improper soil management, loss of organic matter and yield suppression resulting from soil erosion are serious problems in the region. The current research studied the physical and chemical properties of a typical Mollisol in China, characterized the changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) with cultivation, investigated the effects of agricultural management systems on SOC and total organic nitrogen (TON) contents and their vertical distribution, and examined the negative impacts of continuous soybean on crop and soil productivity.; The soil is characterized with a thick (60 cm) mollic epipedon, higher organic carbon (5.8%), CEC (43.7 cmol(+)/kg) and macro-aggregate (>0.25 mm) stability, and greater macronutrients and water availability in the upper epipedon. Bulk density increases with depth, and total porosity declines with depth. Soil texture is clay loam. Overall characteristics make this soil fertile and productive.; The SOC content declined rapidly at early years of cultivation and gradually afterwards. Compared with organic matter in the uncultivated soil, total SOC loss was 17%, 28%, and 55% in 5-, 14- and 50-year cultivation, respectively. Wheat-soybean rotation with addition wheat straw or pig manure resulted in a substantial increase in SOC content in 9 years.; Compared with a wheat-corn-soybean rotation, continuous cropping reduced SOC and N contents in the profile, particularly SOC content. Moldboard plowing significantly reduced SOC and N contents whereas integrated tillage increased SOC and N relative to conventional tillage. Use of chemical fertilizers (N, P, and K) along with return of crop residues resulted in a substantial increase in SOC and N in top layers of the soil.; Continuous soybean results in unbalanced soil enzymes activities, declines of SOC, total K, Zn, available K and N contents, soil pH and bacteria/fungi ratio.; It is proposed that the best management for maintaining soil productivity in the area would be crop rotation along with the integrated tillage and addition of crop residues and chemical fertilizers.
机译：毛溶胶（称为黑土）在中国具有重要的农业意义。在过去的大约50年中，这些土壤中的大多数已在农业上使用。由于精耕细作和土壤管理不当，土壤侵蚀造成的有机质流失和产量抑制是该地区的严重问题。当前的研究研究了中国典型的Mollisol的理化特性，表征了土壤有机碳（SOC）随耕种的变化，研究了农业管理系统对SOC和总有机氮（TON）含量及其垂直分布的影响，并研究了连续大豆对作物和土壤生产力的负面影响。土壤的特征是具有厚（60厘米）的moled epipedon，较高的有机碳（5.8％），CEC（43.7 cmol（+）/ kg）和宏观聚集体（> 0.25 mm）的稳定性，以及更大的宏观养分和水的可利用性。上表皮。堆积密度随深度而增加，总孔隙率随深度而下降。土壤质地是黏土壤土。总体特征使这种土壤肥沃，多产。培养初期，SOC含量迅速下降，之后逐渐下降。与未经耕种的土壤中的有机物相比，在5年，14年和50年的耕作中，总SOC损失分别为17％，28％和55％。小麦-大豆轮作并添加麦秸或猪粪，导致SOC含量在9年中大幅增加。与小麦-玉米-大豆轮作相比，连续种植降低了剖面中的SOC和N含量，尤其是SOC含量。土犁耕可显着降低SOC和N含量，而整体耕作相对于传统耕作可提高SOC和N。使用化肥（N，P和K）以及农作物残渣的返还导致土壤表层的SOC和N大量增加。连续大豆导致土壤酶活性失衡，SOC，总钾，锌，有效钾和氮含量，土壤pH和细菌/真菌比率下降。建议在该地区维持土壤生产力的最佳管理方法是轮作，综合耕作，添加农作物残渣和化肥。

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  • 作者

    Liu, Xiaobing.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Massachusetts Amherst.;

  • 授予单位 University of Massachusetts Amherst.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Soil Science.; Agriculture Agronomy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 106 p.
  • 总页数 106
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 土壤学;农学（农艺学）;
  • 关键词

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