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首页> 外文学位 >The great fires: Indian burning and catastrophic forest fire patterns of the Oregon Coast Range, 1491--1951.
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The great fires: Indian burning and catastrophic forest fire patterns of the Oregon Coast Range, 1491--1951.

机译：大火：1491--1951年，俄勒冈州海岸山脉的印第安人燃烧和灾难性森林火灾。

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摘要

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between land management practices of Indian communities prior to contact with Europeans and the nature or character of subsequent catastrophic forest fires in the Oregon Coast Range. The research focus is spatial and temporal patterns of Indian burning across the landscape from 1491 until 1848, and corresponding patterns of catastrophic fire events from 1849 until 1951. Archival and anthropological research methods were used to obtain early surveys, maps, drawings, photographs, interviews, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) inventories, eyewitness accounts and other sources of evidence that document fire history. Data were tabulated, mapped, and digitized as new GIS layers for purposes of comparative analysis. An abundance of historical evidence was found to exist that is useful for reconstructing precontact vegetation patterns and human burning practices in western Oregon. The data also proved useful for documenting local and regional forest fire histories. Precontact Indians used fire to produce landscape patterns of trails, patches, fields, woodlands, forests and grasslands that varied from time to time and place to place, partly due to demographic, cultural, topographic, and climatic differences that existed throughout the Coast Range. Native plants were systematically managed by local Indian families in even-aged stands, usually dominated by a single species, throughout all river basins of the study area. Oak, filberts, camas, wapato, tarweed, yampah, strawberries, huckleberries, brackenfern, nettles, and other plants were raised in select areas by all known tribes, over long periods of time. However, current scientific and policy assumptions regarding the abundance and extent of precontact western Oregon old-growth forests may be in error. This study demonstrates a high rate of coincidence between the land management practices of precontact Indian communities, and the causes, timing, boundaries, severity, and extent of subsequent catastrophic forest fires in the same areas. Information provided by this study should be of value to researchers, wildlife managers, forest landowners, and others with an interest in the history and resources of the Oregon Coast Range.
机译：这项研究的目的是研究在与欧洲人接触之前印度社区的土地管理实践与俄勒冈州海岸山脉随后发生的灾难性森林火灾的性质或特征之间的关系。研究重点是从1491年到1848年印度人在整个景观中燃烧的时空模式，以及从1849年到1951年的灾难性大火事件的相应模式。档案和人类学研究方法用于获得早期调查，地图，绘图，照片，访谈，地理信息系统（GIS）清单，目击者帐户以及其他记录火灾历史的证据来源。为了进行比较分析，将数据制成表格，映射并数字化为新的GIS图层。发现存在大量的历史证据，可用于重建俄勒冈州西部的预接触植被模式和人类燃烧行为。事实证明，这些数据对于记录当地和区域森林火灾的历史也很有用。接触前的印第安人使用火来产生小径，斑块，田野，林地，森林和草原的景观图案，这些图案随时间和地点的不同而变化，部分原因是整个沿海地区存在人口，文化，地形和气候差异。在研究区域的所有河流流域中，本地植物均由印度当地家庭在平均年龄的林分中系统地管理，这些林分通常以单一物种为主。橡树，欧洲榛树，卡马斯，木薯，柏草，油菜，草莓，美洲越橘，蕨菜，荨麻和其他植物在很长一段时间内在所有已知地区种植。但是，有关预先接触俄勒冈州西部老龄林的丰富度和范围的当前科学和政策假设可能是错误的。这项研究表明，预接触印度社区的土地管理实践与同一地区随后的灾难性森林大火的成因，时间，边界，严重性和程度之间存在很高的一致性。这项研究提供的信息应该对研究人员，野生动植物管理者，森林地主以及对俄勒冈州海岸山脉的历史和资源感兴趣的其他人有价值。

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  • 作者

    Zybach, Bob.;

  • 作者单位

    Oregon State University.;

  • 授予单位 Oregon State University.;
  • 学科 Environmental Sciences.; Agriculture Forestry and Wildlife.; History United States.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 451 p.
  • 总页数 451
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境科学基础理论;森林生物学;美洲史;
  • 关键词

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