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首页> 外文学位 >Social and temperamental antecedents of young children's maladaptive social information processing in the development of internalizing and externalizing tendencies.
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Social and temperamental antecedents of young children's maladaptive social information processing in the development of internalizing and externalizing tendencies.

机译：内化和外化趋势发展过程中，幼儿不良适应性社会信息处理的社会和气质先兆。

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Children's maladaptive social information processing (SIP)---including attributing hostile intentions to others and planning aggressive versus passive responses---has been shown to predict both externalizing (disruptive/aggressive) and internalizing (anxious/withdrawn) tendencies in children. But the predictors of maladaptive SIP have not been well established, and the contribution of SIP to maladaptive behaviour beyond the role of its predictors is unclear. Longitudinal data spanning the first six years of life for 910 families from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care were analyzed with two aims. The first aim was to examine developmental antecedents (temperament, family income, and maternal education, depression, and harshness) of maladaptive SIP in young children. Children of less educated mothers were more likely to report hostile attributions and to generate more aggressive responses, but this effect was mediated by maternal harsh parenting. Infant temperament variables, including reactivity (distress to novelty) and surgency (approach and impulsivity), were poor predictors of SIP. The second aim of the present study was to establish the role of SIP in the development of internalizing and externalizing tendencies. Externalizing tendencies were amplified in high-surgency children who also constructed aggressive responses. Externalizing tendencies were attenuated for children who consistently reported only accidental attributions of cause---rather than any hostile attributions of intent---during a preschool SIP assessment (28% of the sample). Likewise, teacher-reported internalizing tendencies were attenuated for children who attributed only accidental causes as preschoolers. Yet, for children high in temperamental reactivity, reporting only accidental attributions of cause was predictive of greater maternal-reported internalizing tendencies, whereas reporting hostile attributions of intent were predictive of fewer internalizing tendencies. The results highlight the need to examine the interactive effect of temperamental risk and children's social information processing on internalizing and externalizing tendencies in early childhood. Further research that examines the normative and pathological development of children's understanding of people's intentions and motivations is also needed, as is research on the role of maternal education and parenting in this development. Implications for prevention of childhood adjustment problems are presented.
机译：儿童的不良适应性社会信息处理（SIP）-包括将敌对的意图归因于他人并计划积极与被动的对策-可以预测儿童的外在倾向（破坏性/攻击性）和内在倾向（焦虑/戒断）。但是，适应不良的SIP的预测因素尚未得到很好的确定，SIP对适应不良行为的贡献超出了其预测因素的作用尚不清楚。美国国家儿童健康与人类发展研究院的幼儿保育研究所研究了910个家庭生命最初六年的纵向数据，并有两个目的。第一个目的是检查幼儿适应不良的SIP的发育前因（气质，家庭收入以及母体教育，抑郁和苛刻程度）。受教育程度较低的母亲的孩子更有可能报告敌对的归因，并产生更积极的反应，但这种影响是由母亲严酷的父母教养而来的。婴儿的气质变量，包括反应性（对新奇的困扰）和紧迫感（接近和冲动），是SIP的较差预测指标。本研究的第二个目标是确定SIP在内部化和外部化趋势发展中的作用。外在化倾向在高危儿童中也得到了增强，他们也做出了积极的反应。在学龄前SIP评估期间，始终如一地仅报告意外原因（而不是意图的任何敌意归因）的儿童，外部化倾向得到了减弱（样本的28％）。同样，对于仅归因于学龄前儿童的偶然原因的孩子，教师报告的内部化倾向有所减弱。然而，对于气质反应性高的孩子，仅报告意外的原因归因可预测母亲报告的内化倾向更大，而报告意向的敌对归因则可预测较少的内化倾向。结果强调需要检查气质风险和儿童社会信息处理对幼儿内在化和外在化趋势的交互作用。还需要开展进一步的研究，以检验儿童对人的意图和动机的理解的规范性和病理性发展，以及关于孕产妇教育和育儿在这种发展中的作用的研究。提出了预防儿童适应问题的含义。

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