The purpose of this thesis is to show how J.R.R. Tolkien created a new mythology by examination of the fictional beings within the literature. The focus will be on his most popular novels: The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings trilogy (The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King), as well as touching on The Silmarillion. This work will examine three points: Tolkien's background and profession to highlight his interest in mythology (and the sources he used); Tolkien's philosophy of and methods used in writing fiction, a process dubbed sub-creation; and finally, specific examples of the previous two points in action, showing how the mythical beings used in his fiction are unique and how they affect the new mythology. By providing an overview of Tolkien's life and professional career, this thesis will provide insight on some of the sources from which he drew inspiration. Tolkien's philosophical and artistic beliefs towards his literature will follow; these beliefs helped shape the fictional beings of his stories. The final sections will examine the beings themselves in three groups, and will be divided into three sub-sections: those that have their origins in traditional mythology but were changed to suit the author's needs, those that were left largely unchanged, and those that were invented whole. [The final product will bring enlightenment and understanding of the novels as a whole, as these beings, as both characters and entities, are given such emphasis by the author that they are a central element of the fiction, and have the greatest impact on the new mythology Tolkien created.].
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机译：本文的目的是展示J.R.R.托尔金通过研究文学中的虚构生物创造了一种新的神话。重点将放在他最受欢迎的小说上：《霍比特人》和《指环王》三部曲（《指环王》，《两个塔楼》和《王者归来》），以及《 The Silmarillion》。这项工作将考察三点：托尔金的背景和专业，以突出他对神话的兴趣（以及他使用的资料）；托尔金的小说创作哲学和方法，被称为次创作。最后，通过前面两个实例的具体例子，展示了他的小说中使用的神话人物如何独特，以及它们如何影响新的神话。通过概述托尔金的生活和职业生涯，本论文将提供对他从中汲取灵感的一些来源的见解。托尔金对其文学的哲学和艺术信念将随之而来；这些信念帮助塑造了他故事的虚构存在。最后几节将对生物本身进行三类研究，并将其分为三个子部分：那些部分起源于传统神话，但为了满足作者的需要而进行了更改；那些基本上未改变的部分；以及发明了整体。 [最终产品将带给人们整个小说的启迪和理解，因为作者，无论是人物还是实体，都将它们作为小说的核心要素，对小说产生最大的影响。托尔金创造了新的神话。]。
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