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Particles in filter effluent: Exploring the roles of deposition and detachment.

机译：过滤器流出物中的颗粒：探讨沉积和分离的作用。

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摘要

Filtration is a final barrier in drinking water treatment plants for the removal of impurities and microorganisms in source water. Changes in regulations and the growing importance of the filtration process as a final barrier indicate that more sensitive analyses of particle removal in water treatment should be undertaken. The goal of this research was to investigate the relative roles of particle removal and detachment in controlling the origin of filter effluent particles. A conceptual mathematical model was developed and laboratory-scale experiments were conducted.; Laboratory experiments were performed to determine the fraction of filter effluent particles that are filter influent particles that were never removed as well as the fraction of filter effluent particles that were detached after deposition. In these experiments, four sizes of polystyrene particles were used as a primary source of particles in the raw suspension. Polystyrene particles destabilized using calcium chloride were supplied to the filter after flocculation. To investigate particle attachment alone in contrast to net removal from attachment and detachment, three sizes (1.4, 4.0 and 9 mum) of marker particles were injected ahead of the filter column as a pulse. Microscopic counting of filter effluent particles was assumed to reflect attachment. The net removal due to both attachment and detachment was assessed using particle counting (1∼300 mum). The difference between these methods is a measure of detached particles. Three different filtration depths of 0.5 mm silica sand media were utilized in a 25 mm diameter glass column to create the filter beds. Turbidity was continuously monitored throughout the run.; Experimental results indicated that particle detachment is significant beginning from the early phase of filtration. As expected, FM removal increased with filter run time, depth and particle size. For each size FM at one filter depth, FM removal increased with filter runtime to a maximum due to ripening and then decreased with filter runtime after ripening due to limited pore space remaining in the filter. The detached fraction of effluent particles increased with particle size and filter depth. The presence of detached particles and the increasing fraction of detached particles in deeper bed were confirmed.
机译：过滤是饮用水处理厂中去除源水中杂质和微生物的最后障碍。法规的变化以及作为最终障碍的过滤过程的重要性日益提高，这表明应该对水处理中的颗粒去除进行更灵敏的分析。这项研究的目的是研究颗粒去除和分离在控制过滤器流出物颗粒起源方面的相对作用。开发了概念性数学模型并进行了实验室规模的实验。进行实验室实验以确定从未除去的过滤器流入颗粒的过滤器流出颗粒的分数，以及沉积后分离的过滤器流出颗粒的分数。在这些实验中，四种尺寸的聚苯乙烯颗粒被用作原始悬浮液中的主要颗粒来源。在絮凝之后，将使用氯化钙去稳定的聚苯乙烯颗粒供应至过滤器。为了单独研究颗粒附着，而不是从附着和分离中净去除，将三种尺寸（1.4、4.0和9 mum）的标记颗粒作为脉冲注入过滤器柱的前方。假定过滤器流出物颗粒的微观计数反映了附着。使用颗粒计数（1-300微米）评估由于附着和脱离而产生的净去除量。这些方法之间的区别是颗粒脱落的量度。在直径为25 mm的玻璃柱中使用三种不同深度的0.5 mm硅砂介质进行过滤，以形成滤床。在整个运行过程中不断监测浊度。实验结果表明，从过滤的早期阶段开始，颗粒的分离就很明显。正如预期的那样，FM去除随过滤器运行时间，深度和颗粒尺寸的增加而增加。对于每个尺寸的FM，在一个过滤器深度处，由于熟化，FM去除率随过滤器运行时间的增加而增加到最大值，而在成熟后由于过滤器中剩余的孔空间有限，FM去除率随过滤器运行时间的增加而减少。污水颗粒的分离分数随粒度和过滤深度的增加而增加。证实了在较深的床中存在分离的颗粒和分离的颗粒的比例增加。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kim, Jakyum.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Massachusetts Amherst.;

  • 授予单位 University of Massachusetts Amherst.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 362 p.
  • 总页数 362
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 建筑科学;
  • 关键词

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