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首页> 外文学位 >Development of shared mental models: Structuring distributed naturalistic decision making in a synchronous computer-mediated work environment.
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Development of shared mental models: Structuring distributed naturalistic decision making in a synchronous computer-mediated work environment.

机译：共享心智模型的开发：在同步计算机介导的工作环境中构建分布式自然主义决策。

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Decision making is an inherent part of everyday work and learning processes. Superior decision outcomes can be achieved by structuring decision processes, encouraging domain experts to work collaboratively, providing visualization of decisions as they develop, and providing decision makers with time and flexibility to better understand problems and to project outcomes. Evaluation of distributed synchronous virtual teamwork environments has eluded researchers. The theoretical foundation of this study was Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) enhanced by a distributed cognition framework. Discourse analysis was used to explore ways to evaluate effectiveness of newly-formed time-constrained self-directed virtual teams using computer-mediated communication (CMC) to solve ill-defined problems. Measures of work process performance were percentages of meeting time devoted to Situation Assessment, Resource Coordination, Idea Generation, and Model Building. Ten measures of work outcome for each of six teams were taken to assess change in decision model quality over time. The data informing this study were obtained during an elective computer science course. The author's course design focused on human-computer interaction (HCI) aspects of use, design, and deployment of computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW) and computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) systems. Participants were randomly assigned to teams that remained intact throughout the semester. Teams assumed various roles during policy and software-design scenarios. Networked TeamEC™ decision-modeling software enabled team problem solving. NetMeeting provided connectivity, application sharing, and text chat for intra-team communication to simulate distributed virtual meetings. Discourse analysis revealed process performance patterns and development of shared mental models of problem solutions. The outcome variable (Model Score) improved over time for all teams, but degree of improvement varied greatly among teams. Qualitative analysis of group process variables indicated variance was due to how well teams understood scenario-role requirements and managed available resources. Time usage by process variable was analyzed to measure critical resource use to discover “best practice” guidelines for distributed synchronous teamwork. A Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) approach extended collaborative experiential learning to complex applied knowledge domains in order to improve problem solving and critical thinking skills. Constructivist learner-centered course design facilitated a clear task focus enabling participants to learn new work practices applicable to classroom and workplace.
机译：决策是日常工作和学习过程的固有组成部分。通过构建决策流程，鼓励领域专家协作，在决策制定过程中提供可视化的可视化以及为决策者提供时间和灵活性以更好地理解问题和预测结果，可以实现卓越的决策结果。分布式同步虚拟团队合作环境的评估尚未引起研究人员的重视。这项研究的理论基础是通过分布式认知框架增强的自适应结构理论（AST）。话语分析用于探索使用计算机介导的交流（CMC）来解决不确定的问题，从而评估新组建的时间受限的自我指导虚拟团队的有效性的方法。工作流程绩效的衡量标准是专门用于情况评估，资源协调，想法生成和模型建立的会议时间百分比。六个团队中的每个团队都采取了十项工作成果衡量标准，以评估随时间变化的决策模型质量。通知本研究的数据是在选修计算机科学课程中获得的。作者的课程设计重点在于计算机支持的协作工作（CSCW）和计算机支持的协作学习（CSCL）系统的使用，设计和部署的人机交互（HCI）方面。参与者被随机分配到整个学期保持完整的团队。在策略和软件设计方案中，团队承担了各种角色。联网的TeamEC™决策模型软件可解决团队问题。 NetMeeting提供了连接性，应用程序共享和文本聊天功能，用于团队内部通信以模拟分布式虚拟会议。话语分析揭示了过程绩效模式和问题解决方案共享心理模型的开发。所有团队的结果变量（模型得分）都随着时间的推移而提高，但是改进程度在团队之间差异很大。组过程变量的定性分析表明差异是由于团队对场景角色要求和可管理资源的理解程度不同所致。对过程变量的时间使用情况进行了分析，以衡量关键资源的使用情况，从而发现分布式同步团队合作的“最佳实践”准则。自然决策（NDM）方法将协作式体验学习扩展到复杂的应用知识领域，以提高问题解决能力和批判性思维能力。以建构主义学习者为中心的课程设计促进了明确的任务重点，使参与者能够学习适用于教室和工作场所的新工作实践。

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