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首页> 外文学位 >Multiscale Geographic Analysis of Biomass and Carbon in Viticulture within the Context of Agricultural Carbon Modeling in Southern Sacramento County, California.
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Multiscale Geographic Analysis of Biomass and Carbon in Viticulture within the Context of Agricultural Carbon Modeling in Southern Sacramento County, California.

机译：在加利福尼亚州萨克拉曼多县南部农业碳建模的背景下，对葡萄栽培中生物质和碳的多尺度地理分析。

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摘要

A series of three related investigations of vineyard organic carbon measurement is presented in the order of increasing geographic scope. This dissertation is written from a geography perspective and makes use of spatial analysis techniques common to geography and engineering, including the tools of geographic information systems (GIS) and computer aided design (CAD). The first investigation, Chapter 2, tests a new method for measuring perennial above ground biomass of Vitis vinifera (common grapevine). Data collected from grapevine trunks and cordons were used to study the accuracy of wood volume derived from laser scanning as compared with volume derived from analog measurements. A set of 10 laser scan datasets were collected for each of 36 vines from which volume was calculated using combinations of two, three, four, six and 10 scans. Likewise, analog volume measurements were made by submerging the vine trunks and cordons in water and capturing the displaced water. A regression analysis examined the relationship between digital and non-digital techniques among the 36 vines and found that the standard error drops rapidly as additional scans are added to the volume calculation process and stabilizes at the 4-view geometry with an average Pearson product moment correlation coefficient of 0.93. Estimates of digital volumes are systematically greater than those of analog volumes and can be explained by the manner in which each technique interacts with the vine tissue. This laser scanning technique yields a highly linear relationship between vine volume and tissue mass revealing a new, rapid and non-destructive method to remotely measure standing biomass. This application shows promise for use in other ecosystems such as orchards and forests.;The second investigation, Chapter 3, expands the scope from the individual vine to a vineyard. This investigation illustrates the contribution of viticultural carbon to that of agriculture at large which can be used for gauging offsets to fossil fuel carbon emissions. A spatial sample of vineyard organic carbon was collected using a nondestructive terrestrial laser scanning technique. Paired with mineral soil sampling and fruit yield, this approach provided a comprehensive spatial characterization of vineyard carbon storage. Vine perennial woody biomass was measured (n = 36) and soil was sampled to a depth of 1 m (n = 24), then combined with average fruit yield and found to total 3,160 Mg organic carbon for a 32.3 hectare vineyard. Vines averaged 1.93 kg of dry biomass (0.87 kg carbon) and when combined with root biomass, constituted 2% (60 Mg) of the total perennial vineyard carbon.;The third investigation, Chapter 4, presents and demonstrates a method for spatially segmenting a region for vineyard carbon modeling. This investigation bridges a methodology gap between generic small scale (spatially extensive) terrestrial carbon models and the locally diverse primary productivity inputs observed in Chapters 2 and 3. Physiographic data relevant to viticulture was collected and analyzed for the agricultural region of southern Sacramento County. The analysis yielded two viticulturally distinct areas that serve as spatial units that can be used for aggregating carbon model input data. The results were compared to existing descriptions of differences among the co-spatial American Viticultural Areas and found to be in agreement. The geographic boundaries generated in this analysis are more responsive to local conditions than those used in most terrestrial carbon model implementations and use publicly available data found in common GIS data formats.
机译：葡萄园有机碳测量的三个相关研究按地理范围的增加顺序进行了介绍。本文是从地理学的角度出发的，并利用了地理和工程学常用的空间分析技术，包括地理信息系统（GIS）和计算机辅助设计（CAD）工具。第一项研究，第2章，测试了一种测量多年生葡萄（普通葡萄）地上生物量的新方法。从葡萄树干和警戒线收集的数据用于研究激光扫描得出的木材体积与模拟测量得出的木材体积的准确性。收集了36个藤本植物的10个激光扫描数据集，并通过两次，三次，四次，六次和十次扫描的组合计算了体积。同样，通过将葡萄树的树干和警戒线浸入水中并捕获被置换的水来进行模拟体积测量。回归分析检查了36个葡萄藤之间数字技术和非数字技术之间的关系，发现随着附加扫描添加到体积计算过程中，标准误差迅速下降，并稳定在具有平均Pearson乘积矩相关性的4视图几何中系数为0.93。数字量的估计值在系统上大于模拟量的估计值，并且可以用每种技术与葡萄组织相互作用的方式来解释。这种激光扫描技术在藤蔓体积和组织质量之间产生了高度线性的关系，揭示了一种新的，快速且无损的方法来远程测量站立的生物量。该应用程序显示了在果园和森林等其他生态系统中使用的前景。第二个调查，第3章，将范围从单个葡萄树扩展到了葡萄园。这项调查说明了葡萄栽培碳对整个农业的贡献，可以用来衡量化石燃料碳排放的抵消。使用非破坏性陆地激光扫描技术收集了葡萄园有机碳的空间样本。结合矿物土壤采样和水果产量，该方法提供了葡萄园碳储存的全面空间特征。测量了葡萄多年生木质生物量（n = 36），对土壤采样深度为1 m（n = 24），然后与平均果实产量相结合，发现一个32.3公顷的葡萄园中有机碳总量为3,160 Mg。葡萄藤平均干燥生物量为1.93千克（碳含量为0.87千克），当与根部生物量结合使用时，占多年生葡萄园总碳量的2％（60毫克）。葡萄园碳建模的区域。这项研究弥合了通用的小规模（空间上广泛的）陆地碳模型与第2章和第3章中观察到的本地多样化初级生产力输入之间的方法学差距。收集并分析了萨克拉曼多县南部农业地区与葡萄栽培有关的生理数据。该分析产生了两个在葡萄栽培上截然不同的区域，这些区域可以用作空间单元，可用于汇总碳模型输入数据。将结果与现有同空间美国葡萄种植区之间差异的描述进行了比较，发现结果一致。与大多数陆地碳模型实现中使用的地理边界相比，此分析中生成的地理边界对本地条件的响应更敏感，并使用常见GIS数据格式中的公共可用数据。

著录项

  • 作者

    Keightley, Keir Edward.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Davis.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Davis.;
  • 学科 Geography.;Agriculture Horticulture.;Geodesy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 111 p.
  • 总页数 111
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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